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Culture Concepts
APHG Unit 3 Vocabulary and Concepts Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acculturation | The change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice from another culture. |
| animism | The belief that spirits (including ancestral) live within objects such as animals |
| artifact | Tangible pieces of material culture. |
| assimilation | The process in which immigrants become totally integrated into the host culture. |
| built environment | The material culture of an environment. |
| charter group | The first group of settlers to establish a new and lasting culture and society in an area. |
| colonialism | A system in which a country declares control over a territory or people outside its own boundaries |
| creole | A simplified mixture of two or more languages that is adopted in areas of cultural diversity. |
| cultural barrier | hindrances to cultural diffusion that occur in a society and keep cultural traits from spreading. |
| cultural diffusion | The process in which culture is spread from one region to another. |
| cultural landscape | The unique landscape made up of all parts of a culture - both material and nonmaterial. |
| culture | The cluster of traits that make a group of people special and unique. |
| culture region | A portion of Earth's surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics |
| culture hearth | A place where innovations and new ideas originate and spread outward (diffuse) to other regions |
| culture trait | A single feature of a culture |
| dialect | A speech variant of a language |
| environmental determinism | The theory that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment. |
| ethnic enclave | A residential community where the residents either voluntarily live |
| ethnic island | A small ethnic settlement centered in the middle of a larger group of the population. |
| ethnic religion | a religion that is a part of a particular ethnic or political group (ex. Judaism) |
| ethnocentrism | The belief that one's own ethnic group is superior to all others. |
| first effective settlement | The first group of settlers who establish a new and lasting culture and society in an area. |
| folk culture | A homogenous group of people with a strong family structure who follow a simple |
| globalization | The increasing interconnection of all regions in the world through politics |
| heartland-rimland theory | Mackinder's theory that the country that dominated the landmass of Eurasia (heartland) would eventually rule the world (rimland) |
| hierarchical diffusion | The spread of a cultural trait |
| host society | The dominant culture group in an area receiving a minority group. |
| innovation | A new invention. |
| irredentism | The destabilizing situation that arises when an ethnic group supports and seeks to unite with its ethnic population in another country. |
| language family | A group of languages that are related and derived from a single earlier language. |
| lingua franca | A language that is not part of the culture of the country but is one that is informally agreed upon as the language of business and trade. |
| material culture | The artifacts (tangible things) of a culture such as tools |
| mentifact | Nonmaterial parts of a culture such as language |
| monotheism | A religion that worships one god. |
| nationalism | A strong love of |
| nonmaterial culture | Mentifacts (language |
| pidgin | A simplified language created by merging two other languages |
| placelessness | The loss of a place's unique flavor and identity due to the standardizing influence of popular culture and globalization. |
| polytheism | A religion that worships more than one god. |
| popular culture | The ever-changing cultural norms associated with a large |
| possibilism | The theory that the physical environment merely establishes limits of what is possible on the human population. |
| protolanguage | A reconstructed ancestral language that forms the basis for a language family. |
| race | A group of people with a common biological ancestor |
| secularism | The rejection of all religious beliefs; this is spreading rapidly in certain areas of the world such as Europe. |
| sense of place | The special perception we have of a certain place based on our feelings |
| separatism | The striving to become separate from a larger group. |
| sequent occupance | The concept that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place |
| shamanism | A form of tribal |
| sociofacts | The educational and political institutions |
| syncretism | The birth of a new culture trait from blending two or more cultural traits. |
| taboo | A potent form of cultural barrier that prevents certain habits or new ideas from establishing themselves in a society due to already-establishing prohibitions |
| tipping point | The point at which a critical number of minority inhabitants is reached and triggers an outmigration of charter group. |
| transculturation | An equal exchange of traits or influence between two culture groups. |
| universalizing religion | A religion in which anyone can become a member. |
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rkrauseemhs
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