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Ag and Rural Concept

APHG Unit 5 Vocabulary and Concepts (Agriculture/Rural Land Use)

TermDefinition
agribusiness Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit.
agricultural density The number of people living in rural areas per unit of agricultural land
biotechnology The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants
conservation agriculture A modern method of farming that balances maximum crop yield with sustainable farming methods and protection of the environment.
desertification The transformation of agricultural lands into deserts because of overgrazing and soil erosion.
environmental determinism The theory that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment
environmental possibilism The theory that the physical environment merely establishes limits of what is possible on the human population.
First Agricultural Revolution The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society (also called the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution)
GMO (genetically modified organism) An organism that is created when scientists take one or more specific genes from one organism and introduce them into another organism thus creating a new version.
Green Revolution The development and transfer from the developed world to the developing world
Industrial Revolution The movement from home-based cottage industries to factory industries with several workers under one roof that the use of machines facilitated in England in the late 1700s.
intensive subsistence agriculture a form of agriculture that depends on heavy inputs of fertilizer and human labor on a small piece of land for substantial crop yield.
land survey A method for parceling out land to its occupants
less-developed countries (LDCs) Countries located on the edge of the world core that are seeking improved conditions for their residents through economic growth.
long-lots system of land survey A land survey method used by French and Spanish charter groups in North America in which long lots of land extended outward from river frontage.
Mediterranean agriculture A form of specialized agriculture in which crops in a Mediterranean climate of warm year-round temperatures and sunny summers (grapes
metes-and-bounds land survey system A land survey system used in North America where natural boundaries such as rivers
modern commercial agriculture Large-scale agricultural production for profit using specialized methods
monoculture The production of a single crop for commercial markets (corn
organic farming The process of producing food naturally without the use of synthetic fertilizers
pastoralism A form of subsistence agriculture in which animals are herded in a seasonal migratory pattern.
plantation agriculture Monocropping
polyculture The production of several crops.
primary economic activity An economic activity that takes something from the ground (farming
rectangular land survey system A system using rectangular grid divisions to divide new land settlements after the United States won independence from England.
Second Agricultural Revolution An agricultural revolution starting in the seventeenth century that increased efficiency of crop production and distribution through use of new machinery.
sedentary The condition where a group of humans is able to live in one location and grow crops and raise animals.
shifting agriculture The form of subsistence agriculture in which crops are grown in different fields on a rotating basis.
specialty farming Farming that grows crops to provide small upscale niche markets with fresh produce.
subsistence agriculture A form of agriculture in which everything that is produced is consumed by that population. Forms of subsistence agriculture include shifting
sustainability The principle that we must meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
swidden agriculture The form of subsistence agriculture in which crops are grown in different fields on a rotating basis. Also called shifting agriculture or slash-and-burn agriculture.
Transhumance The constant movement of herds in a set seasonal pattern of grazing.
truck farming Commercial gardening and fruit farming in the United States.
urban subsistence farming The cultivation of small city gardens for food in the cities of the developing world.
vertical integration Contracts between farmer and producer in the agricultural industry.
Von Thunen Model A model of agricultural land use that illustrates the relationship between the cost of land and transportation costs involved in getting a product to market.
Created by: rkrauseemhs
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