Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Protein

Structure of protein and numerous roles in the body

TermDefinition
Essential Amino Acids (EAA) Amino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet.
Branched Chain Amino Acid The three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal muscle tissue and named for their branch-like structure.
Conditionally Essential Amino Acids Amino acids that are not typically essential, but can become essential during times of extreme dietary insufficiency, illness, or trauma.
Nonessential Amino Acids Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not, under normal circumstances, need to be obtained in the diet.
Acid-Base Balance The process of achieving, or the state of, equilibrium between acidic and alkaline molecules.
Cell Signaling Process of communication between cells by biological messengers to govern cellular function.
Organic Molecules Chemical structures containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen.
Amino Acids The organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Gluconeogenesis A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.
Protein Synthesis Process of joining amino acids with peptide bonds to form proteins.
Dehydration Synthesis The joining of two large molecules by removing one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group (OH) from another molecule and then binding the two larger molecules together on the newly freed bonds.
Peptide Bond The bond between two amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the other.
Hydrolysis Breakdown of one large molecule into two smaller molecules via the donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the smaller molecules, respectively.
Dipeptide A chain of two amino acids.
Tripeptide A chain of three amino acids.
Oligopeptide A chain of four to nine amino acids.
Polypeptide A chain of 10 or more amino acids.
Denaturation The process of changing a protein's shape.
Gastrin A hormone released when food is ingested to stimulate release of digestive fluids.
Pepsinogen (pep.sin.o.gin) A proenzyme secreted by the stomach as a precursor to pepsin.
Pepsin An enzyme in the stomach that begins breaking peptide bonds.
Duodenum It is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion occurs, and it is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum.
Secretin A hormone that stimulates the liver and pancreas to produce bile and bicarbonate; inhibits gastrin release.
Cholecystokinin A hormone secreted by the duodenum that causes release of enzymes and bile.
Protease Enzymes Enzymes in the small intestine that break long peptide chains into shorter peptide chains.
Peptidase An enzyme that breaks down small peptides.
Aminopeptidases Enzymes that cleave individual amino acids from a peptide chain so they may be absorbed.
Hepatic Portal Vein The vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver.
Collagen A protein formed of a triple-helix structure with great tensile strength, found primarily in skin, muscles/connective tissue, and bones.
Tensile Strength Ability of a material to resist breaking under tension.
Elastin A protein with high elasticity, found mainly in the skin.
Keratin A protein found in hair and nails.
Sodium-Potassium Pump A protein found on the cell membrane that transports sodium and potassium to create electrochemical gradients across the membrane.
Albumin A protein found in the blood stream that helps draw water into the blood vessel from surrounding tissue.
Hemoglobin An iron-containing protein found on red blood cells, binds oxygen and other molecules for transport in the blood.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Amount of nutrient needed to meet the needs of almost all individuals in an age–sex group.
Protein Quality The quantity of essential amino acids found in, and the digestibility of, a protein.
Complete Protein A protein that contains sufficient quantities of all essential amino acids.
Complementary Protein Two incomplete proteins that, when comsumed together, mimic a complete protein by providing all essential amino acids.
Created by: KeiKei
Popular Sports Medicine sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards