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Normal flora of the conjunctiva include: a. chlamydia b. Streptococcus viridans c. Streptococcus epidermidis d. Staphylococcus aureus e. Nocardia b,c,d
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis include: a. cefuroxime b. erythromycin c. vancomycin d. sulphonamide e. benzylpenicillin a,c,e
Find one correct answer among the following statements a. eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus with multiple chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane. b. nucleoid of prokaryotic cells consists of a single molecule of RNA c. Prokaryotic cells present a
Micro-organisms that can cause latent infection include: a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. varicella-zoster virus c. cytomegalovirus (CMV) d. hepatitis A e. chlamydia trachomatis a,b,c,e
One of the following sentences is correct: a. Bacteria are classified according to shape into three basic groups: cocci, bacilli and rods. b. cocci are round, the bacilli are rods and the spirochetes are spiral shaped c.shape of bacterium is determin b
Aminoglycosides: a. are active against streptococcus b. acts on the bacterial cell wall c. are useful against anaerobes d. should not be used in patients e. damage the cochlear nerve a,e
The following antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomes: a. rifampicin b. ciprofloxacin c. chloramphenicol d. teicoplanin e. tetracycline c,e
Vancomycin: a. is a synthetic antibiotic b. is a glycopeptide c. has a high level of activity against staphylococci d. can cause deafness if given intravenously e. causes 'red man syndrome' if given by rapid intravenous injection b,c,d,e
Select the correct answer a. Essential components include: nucleoid, cell wall, cytoplasma, cytoplasmic membrane. b. Nonessential components include: capsule, flagella, fimbria (pili) & ribosomes c. cell wall is a nonessential structure common to all a
Find the correct answer among the following statements: a. Gram staining separates bacteria into two groups: the gram positive bacteria which stain violet and the gram negative bacteria which stain in red. b.LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of the cell wall of a
Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis of the micro-organisms: a. vancomycin b. gentamicin c. cefuroxime d. amphotericin B e. erythromycin a,c
The Mantoux test: a. is positive in all patients with tuberculosis b. involves injecting PPD (purified protein derivative) intradermally c. is more sensitive than the tine test d. becomes positive within 3 weeks of acquiring tuberculosis e. involves b,c,e
BCG product: a. is a live vaccine b. is derived from Mycobacteria bovis c. should be avoided in immunocompromised patients d. is given orally e. is usually given at neonates in the UK a,b,c
Bacteria spores: a. are resistant to antibiotics b. allow the bacteria to multiple in adverse condition c. are usually formed by Gram-negative bacteria d. can be identified with Gram stains. e. are killed by temperature of 1200C for 20 minutes a,e
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs through: a. mutation b. conjugation c. phagocytosis d. plasmid transfer e. spore formation a,b,d
Note the relation between: 1. Higher Protists a. Algae b. Bacteria c. Slime Molds 2. Lower Protist d. Blue-Green Algae e. Protozoa f. Fungi 1-a, e, f, c 2-b, d
Which of the following statements is true: a. capsule is important for 4 reasons: it is a virulence factor by its antiphagitocitar action, it is antigenic, may play a role in adherence of bacteria to human tissues, and produces endotoxins b. flagella a c
Cocci: a. They are spherical bacteria b. They are rod shaped bacteria c. They have 0.6 to 1 micrometer d. They can be arranged only in clusters a,c
All of the following sentences are correct, excepting one: a. Normal flora is the term used to describe the various bacteria & fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites, especially the skin, oropharynx, colon & vagina b. The term of “carr d
Chose the incorrect answer from the following statements a. Exotoxins are present in the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria b. Exotoxins have a polypeptidic structure,& they are heat-labile c. Exotoxins have various clinical effects & they have a
Bacilli: a. There are spherical bacteria b. There are rod shaped bacteria c. Their variation in size and shape is very small d. Their arrangement can be in clusters, chains, diplo b
Spirals: a. Bacteria of the genus Spirillum have rigid spiral b. Spirochetes have rigid spiral c. Bacteria of the genus Spirillum have flexible spiral d. Spirochetes have flexible spiral a,d
Mesophile bacteria: a. Grow well at a temperature above 55˚C b. Grow well at a temperature of 20-40˚C c. Grow well at a temperature of 0˚C b
One from the following statements is incorrect: a. Tetanus toxin produced by Clostridium tetani is a neurotoxin that leads to spastic paralysis b. Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synapse producing a flacc c
Thermophile bacteria: a. Grow well at a temperature above 55˚C b. Grow well at a temperature of 20-40˚C c. Grow well at a temperature of 0˚C a
The obligate anaerobes: a. They are oxygen-dependent b. They are killed by exposure to oxygen c. They are not killed by exposure to oxygen d. They lack superoxide dismutase and catalase b,d
The biological barriers of the organism are represented by: a. Components contained in tears, saliva, bile, urine b. Skin integrity c. Normal flora on mucous membrane d. Mucosal surfaces integrity e. Normal flora on the skin c,e
Chose the incorrect sentence from the following statements: a. The most important concept underlying antimicrobial therapy is selective toxicity b. Broad spectrum antibiotics are active against several types of microorganism (e.g. Penicillin G is activ b
Natural resistance to infection is due to: a. Mechanical barriers b. Chemical barriers c. Antibodies d. Normal flora a,b,d
The normal flora of the vagina consists of: a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae b. Lactobacilli c. Diphteroides d. Chlamydia trachomatis b,c
Chose the correct statement a. Cocci arranged in grape-like clusters are called staphylococci. b. Cocci arranged in chains are called diplococci c. Cocci arranged in pairs are called streptococci d. Examples of diplococci include Neisseria species, S a
The normal flora of the alimentary tract consists of: a. Coliforms b. Bacteroides c. Salmonella species d. Shigella species a,b
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