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concept of nursing 2
Physiology of fluid balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nurse admits an older person suffering from chronic alcoholism. Based on which factors would the nurse assess for alteration in total body water (TBW)? | -age -overall health -body weight -gender |
| An intravascular fluid sample is to be collected from a patient. Based on the location of this type of fluid, the nurse will inform the patient that the sample will come from what source? | - Blood specimen |
| The nurse is preparing a continuing education class that will include information on body fluid components. What should be included in the section on solutes? | colloids do not fully dissolve in a solvent |
| The nurse is caring for a patient who has a blood disease that has significantly reduced the number of red blood cells. This places the patient at risk for development of what type of problem? | oxygenation |
| A patient’s blood test report shows positive for Rh factor and no ABO antigen in the blood. The nurse anticipates what type of blood for a transfusion on this patient? | -Plasma -Albumin -Cryoprecipitate -Red blood cells |
| The nurse suspects that a patient with heart disease is developing a problem related to hydrostatic pressure. The nurse is aware that which patient factors control hydrostatic pressure? | -The strength of the patient’s heart muscle contraction -The patient’s heart rate -The patient’s blood pressure |
| A patient has developed a kidney disorder that has caused an abnormally low level of plasma protein in the patient’s blood. The nurse is aware that this abnormality may have what effect on the patient’s oncotic pressure? | This decreases oncotic pressure, which decreases the amount of water shifting into the blood. |
| A student nurse is explaining the process of filtration to another student. The explanation should include which information about the pattern of movement? | filtration is the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher net pressure to lower net pressure |
| A patient is admitted with a disease that has permanently damaged the posterior pituitary gland such that antidiuretic hormone is no longer being released. The nurse understands that this will alter the patient’s body water homeostasis in what way? | Body water will be lost in large volumes. |
| A frail, confused older age male patient is admitted with dehydration secondary to severe vomiting and diarrhea. The patient is continuously calling for a drink of water even though he is nauseated. | -- |
| The nurse is aware that this patient’s constant thirst stems from what underlying cause? | Increased plasma osmolality and decreased plasma volume. |
| The student nurse is making flashcards to study for an exam focusing on body fluid homeostasis. Which information regarding the renin-angiotensin system should be included on the flashcards? | -Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. -The renin-angiotensin system regulates fluid balance through vasoconstriction and excretion of sodium and water. |
| When teaching the importance of hydration to an audience of older persons, what functions of body fluids does the nurse describe? | -Lubrication for joints -Body temperature regulation -Transportation of nutrients within the body -Elimination of waste products |
| On the maternity ward, the nurse takes a careful admission and health history with what understanding of Rh factors? | -Rh antibodies can develop during pregnancy. -Rh antibodies can develop during a blood transfusion. -If Rh antibodies have developed, a life-threatening reaction can occur. |
| Which statements are important for the nurse to know about the filtration process? | -It is the movement of water and solutes together. -Arterial blood pressure affects hydrostatic pressure. |
| Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance by the renin-angiotensin system occurs by what processes? | -Vasoconstriction -Release of aldosterone -Reabsorption of sodium |
Created by:
Lightnning54
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