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Taxonomic groups

8B & 8C Hierarchical classification and Taxonomic Groups

TermDefinition
Dichotomous key. Used to identify organisms. Includes characteristics that are given in pairs; both characteristics are reading and either go to another set of characteristics or to identify the organism.
Similar structure. Same structure, different function, same common ancestor.
Closely related. Shared derived characteristics, similar structures, homologies (Anatomical, embryological, and molecular), and common ancestors.
Cladogram. Is a diagram that shows how organisms are related, based on shared and derived characteristics.
Common characteristics. Similar characteristics.
Autotroph. Producers. Organisms that produce their own food; for example, plants perform photosynthesis.
Heterotroph. Consumers. Organisms that obtain their nutrients and energy from another sources; for example, animals or fungus.
Animalia. Kingdom Animalia (Animals). Animals are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are also multicellular and heterotrophic (they ingest/eat for nutrition).
Plantae. Kingdom Plantae (Plants). Plants are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are also multicellular and autotrophic (they make their own food).
Fungi. Kingdom Fungi (Fungus). Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells. They are mostly multicellular and heterotrophic (they absorb nutrients).
Protista. Kingdom Protista (Protists). Protists are composed of eukaryotic cells. They can be unicellular or multicellular and they can be heterotrophic or autotrophic.
Bacteria. Kingdom Eubacteria (Bacteria). Bacteria are composed of prokaryotic cells. They are unicellular, but they can be heterotrophic or autotrophic.
Archaea. Kingdom Archaea (Archaebacteria). Archaea are composed of prokaryotic cells. They are unicellular, and they can either be heterotrophic or autotrophic.
Eukaryotic cells. Cells with nucleus (DNA in the nucleus) and other membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells. Does NOT have a nucleus. DNA is in the cytoplasm.
Multicellular. Many cells.
Unicellular. Single cell.
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