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Coronal Polishing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What stains originate from external environmental factors? | Exogenous (what are a few environmental stains caused from?) |
| Which teeth are known as the cornerstone of the mouth? | Canines - 6, 11, 22, 27 |
| Staining within the tooth that cannot be removed by polishing or scaling is called | Intrinsic stains. Caused by cracks in enamel that allow stains to seep into dentin |
| What type of stain can chlorhexidine cause? | Extrinsic staining. Used to reduce number of bacteria in mouth: mouth ulcers, infections, gum disease |
| What is the thin film that quickly forms on teeth that can be easily removed during coronal polishing? | Acquired pellicle |
| What does the labial (facial) surface of teeth face toward? | Lips |
| What stain can be removed by an abrasive agent? | Extrinsic (tobacco, cola, particles: sticky candy) |
| What is referenced when classifying tooth stains? | Location and source |
| What is yellow staining found on the tooth's surface with the presence of dental biofilm? | Extrinsic staining |
| What part of the skull is incapable of moving? | Maxillary arch |
| What is used to remove stain when embrasure and inter-dental papilla are absent? | Finishing strip |
| What term describes the biting surface of the tooth? | Occlusal (molars and premolars) |
| Stains from the inside of the tooth structure are called ________ | endogenous |
| During coronal polishing, which deposits can be removed? | Soft deposits |
| What surface of the tooth is located closest to the tongue? | Lingual |
| Name the 3 basic phases in calculus formation. | pellicle, biofilm, and mineralization |
| How many arches are in the human mouth? | Two: Maxillary and mandibular |
| What type of stain is on the outside of the tooth? | Extrinsic |
| What part of the tooth contains enamel? | Crown |
| Dental calculus plays a role in the development of ______________ ___________ | periodontal infections. |
| What surface of maxillary molars do yellow and brown extrinsic stains commonly appear on? | Buccal |
| What type of stain is caused by the continuous use of stannous fluoride? | Brown/yellow |
| What type of calculus is located on the apical crown extending along the root surface? | Subgingival |
| What kind of stain cannot be removed with an abrasive agent? | Intrinsic |
| Removal of extrinsic stains and plaque from the supragingival surface of the teeth is completed by __________ _____________. | coronal polishing. |
| Endogenous stains on a tooth are formed _____ ______ ___ ______ | from within the tooth. |
| What is the correct path to follow in the Universal Numbering System? | Start at maxillary right third molar and work around to mandibular right third molar. |
| Pregnant women who take tetracycline during the third trimester may have children with _____________ _______ | discolored teeth |
| What is the most commonly used tooth numbering system in the United States? | Universal |
| The components on calculus are | calcium and phosphate |
| Endogenous staining is classified as what type of stain? | Intrinsic |
| Periodontal disease is the direct result of _____________ | bacteria |
| Which of the following is an endogenous stain that cannot be removed by coronal polishing? | Dental fluorosis |
| Coronal polishing is limited to what portion of the tooth? | Clinical crown |
| What is another name for fluorosis? | Brown stain |
| What type of calculus is located on the coronal crown extending to the margin of the gingiva? | Supragingival |
| Which of the following oral landmarks is located on the dorsal surface of the tongue? | Median sulcus |
| The upper dental arch of the mouth is called the __________ | maxilla |
| Which of the following describes the labial surface of the anterior teeth? | Labial |
| What is the source of gingival and periodontal infections? | Calculus |
| What structure of the tooth mineralizes slowly and can be damaged by excessive polishing? | Enamel |
| On what area of the dentin in exogenous staining found? | Outside |
| What part of the tooth is soft and can be easily removed by coronal polishing? | Cementum |
| Black stain (Ex) | Thin black line on the teeth near the gingival margin. More common in women. Frequently found in clean mouths. Difficult to remove. Caused by natural tendencies |
| Tobacco stain (Ex) | A very tenacious dark brown or black stain. Caused by the products of coal tar in tobacco and by the penetration of tobacco juices into pits and fissures, enamel, and dentin of the teeth. Use of any tobacco-containing products causes tobacco stains. |
| Brown or yellow stain (Ex) | Commonly found on buccal surfaces of maxillary molars, lingual surfaces of the lower anterior incisors. Caused by poor oral hygiene or by the use of toothpaste with inadequate cleansing action. |
| Green stain (Ex) | Appears as a green-yellow stain, usually on the facial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth. Commonly found in children. Caused by poor oral hygiene when bacteria/fungi are retained in bacterial plaque. |
| Dental plaque agents (Ex) | Reddish-brown stain on interproximal and cervical areas of the teeth. Can appear on restorations and tongue. Caused by using prescription mouth rinses that contain chlorhexidine. |
| Chlorhexidine (Ex) | A disinfectant with broad antibacterial action. Can be found in mouth rinses |
| Nasmyth's membrane staining (Ex) | Light green or brown stain, can be removed with gentle polishing. Caused by food stains in the residue of epithelium during tooth eruption. |
| Epithelium (Ex) | A barrier that separates the underlying tissues from their environment |
| Pupless teeth (Ex) Exogenous | Wide range of colors: yellow, gray, brown, black, sometimes orange or green. Caused by blood and pulpal tissues breaking down, bleeding in the pulp chamber. Pigments shown through dentin and enamel |
| Tetracycline antibiotics (In) Endogenous | Light green to dark yellow/gray brown. Discoloration depends on length of time and dosage of drug usage. Can occur in a child when mother is given tetracycline during 3rd trimester of pregnancy or in early childhood. |
| Dental fluorosis (In) Endogenous | Also referred to as mottled enamel; results from ingestion of excessive fluoride during mineralization period of tooth development. Discoloration can range: few white spots to extensive white areas or distinct brown areas |
| Imperfect tooth development (In) Endogenous | Teeth are yellowish or gray brown. Teeth appear translucent or opalescent. May result from genetic abnormality or environmental influences during development |
| Silver amgalam (Ex) Exogenous | Appears as gray or black around restoration. Caused by metallic ions from the amgalam penetrating the dental and enamel |
| Other systemic causes (In) Endogenous | Appear as yellowish or greenish discoloration. Conditions of prolonged jaundice early in life and erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh incompatibility) |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh incompatibility) | a blood disorder that occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible |
| Silex agent | Fairly abrasive; used for cleaning heavily stained tooth surfaces |
| Superfine Silex agent | Used for removal of light stains on tooth enamel |
| Fine pumice agent | Mildly abrasive; used for persistent stains, such as tobacco stains |
| Zirconium silicate | Used for cleaning and polishing tooth surfaces. This material is highly effect and does not abrade tooth enamel |
| Chalk | Also known as whiting; chalk is precipitated calcium carbonate (frequently incorporated into toothpaste and polishing pastes to whiten teeth) |
| Commercial premixed preparations | Contain an abrasive, water, a humectant (to keep moist), binder (to prevent separation of ingredients), flavoring agents, and color. Available in small plastic containers or packets. Available in variety of grits; some made for esthetic restorations |
| Fluoride prophylaxis pastes | Replaces fluoride that is lost from the surface layer during the polishing process. Pastes are not a substitute for topical fluoride. Use of fluoride paste is contraindicated before acid etching of enamel followed by bonding of sealants |
| Sapphire or diamond polishing paste | Is suggested when only porcelain is being polished |
| Aluminum oxide paste | Recommended for use on filled hybrid composites and resin restorations |
Created by:
sking570
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