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Oxygenation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atelectasis | collapse of airways & small sections of the lung as a result of shallow breathing (often due to anesthesia or opioids) |
| respiration | gas exchange; amount of breaths/min |
| perfusion | process of oxygenated blood passing through body tissues |
| ventilation | flow of air inside/outside alveoli; inspiration & expiration |
| surfactant | detergent/lubricant produced by lungs that reduces surface tension between moist membranes of alveoli to prevent them from collapsing |
| hypoxia | inadequate amount of oxygen available to cells; Occurs when a problem in ventilation, respiration, or perfusion exists Symptoms: dyspnea, elevated BP, small pulse pressure, increased respiratory & pulse rates, pallor, cyanosis |
| incentive spirometer | (IS) device used to help promote deep breathing |
| bradycardia | HR less than 60 bpm |
| tachycardia | HR greater than 100 bpm |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| tachypnea | fast breathing |
| hypoventilation | decreased rate or depth of air movements in the lungs |
| hyperventilation | increase in rate/depth of breathing that leads excessive loss of CO2 from blood |
| hypoxemia | low amount of oxygen in blood |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural space causing the lung to completely/partially collapse |
| crackles | caused by fluid in air sacs (music/whistling sounds) |
| wheezing | high-pitched whistle (narrowing of airways) |
| rhonchi | rattling sound (often among COPD or asthma patients) |
| stridor | narrowing of airways similar to wheezing (high-pitched whistling) |
| total lung capacity | volume of air remaining in lung after maximal inspiration |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped out per minute; CO = SV X HR |
| stroke volume | quantity of blood forced out of the left ventricle within each minute |
| alveoli | small air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles; site of gas exchange |
| lungs | main organs of respiration |
| bronchial sounds | loud, high-pitched |
| bronchovesicular | medium-pitched blowing |
| vesicular | soft, low-pitched |
| postural drainage | technique in which different positions are assumed to facilitate drainage of secretions from the bronchial airways |
Created by:
kschoeps
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