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Keri Bills Ph Asgmt1

Physiology Assignment 1 Weeks 1-6

QuestionAnswer
Major Surfaces of the CNS Right Cerebral Hemisphere, Cerebellum, L Cerebral Hemisphere, Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure, Brain Stem, Spinal Cord
Somatic Sensory Receives Sensory inputs from skeletal muscles, joins, fascia, skin and special senses.
Visceral Sensory Receives sensory inputs from viscera. (Blood vessels and organs
Motor or (efferent) Transmits information from the central nervous system to the body.
Somatic Motor Voluntary nervous System - skeletal muscle
Autonomic Motor Involuntary nervous system - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
Sensory Division (Afferent) Transmits information from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system.
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure Separates left and right hemispheres.
What is the function of the cerebellum? The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination.
What is the function of the Cerebrum? The largest part of the brain, responsible for interpreting sensory information and developing motor commands.
What is the function of the Thalamus? The Thalamus relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex.
Where is the location and function of the Hypothalamus? The Hypothalamus is a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.
What does the Pineal Gland do? To secrete melatonin.
The Dura Mater is? Is a thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid Mater is? The middle layer of the meninges, It lies directly below the dura mater. It's a thin layer that lays between the dura mater and pia mater. It doesn't contain blood vessels or nerves.
What does the brain cortex do? The areas within the cerebrum that receive and integrate real-time information.
What is Myosin? They function as molecular motors that exert force on actin, changes its shape, and slides actin filaments around or moves along them.
What are Myofibrils? They make up a muscle cell made of highly organized actin filaments and myosin II fibers.
What is the periosteum? Outermost covering of bone.
Define spongy bone? Lighter, less dense bone found in end of long bones.
What is the epiphysis? Wide knob-like end of bone covered with cartilage.
Where is red bone marrow located? Inside spongy bone.
Tough connective tissue, covers the end of bones and is rubbery and blue-white in appearance Cartilage.
Name a moveable joint. Synovial.
Name a bone forming cell. Osteoblast.
Where is yellow bone marrow found? In the Medullary Cavity.
What is the purpose of synovial fluid? For lubrication.
What is compact bone? Hard, dense outer layer of bone.
What is another name for the long shaft of the bone? Diaphysis.
When two bones are joined together by cartilage, function as one bone is called? Symphysis
Where are growth plates are located? Metaphysis
Definition of a phospholipid? A molecule consisting of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group covalently bonded together.
If something is hydrophobic, that means? Water-repelling (water-hating).
If something is hydrophillic? Associating with water molecules easily (water-loving).
A glycolipid is? A lipid with carbohydrate molecules attached.
A glycoprotein is? A protein with carbohydrate molecules attached.
Define cholesterol? A lipid molecule (not a triglyceride) found in all cell membranes and involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones.
What is a carrier protein? A protein found in membranes, which is capable of carrying a specific molecule or ion through the membrane by active transport.
What is a channel protein? A protein pore that spans a membrane, through which very small ions and water soluble molecules may pass.
What is the phospholipid bilayer? A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
fluid mosaic model A membrane structure depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
What is DNA? A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited traits of organisms and viruses.
What is a type of weak chemical bond formed between the nitrogenous bases on opposite strands of DNA? Hydrogen bond.
Double helix is? A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis
What is RNA? Singe stranded structure that is composed of a long chain of nucleotide monomers. It's a copy of DNA info that can leave the nucleus. FACILITATOR for the synthesis of proteins by using the information from DNA.
Define proteins. Enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.
What is known as transcription? RNA molecule is copied from a DNA segment (gene)- this is a complimentary RNA strand.
What is translation? Nucleotide base sequence in mRNA code for the sequence of amino acids to be assembled into a protein (polypeptide).
Created by: kbills
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