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Cardiac DisoderIII
Chp27 part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is myocarditis? | An inflammatory disorder of the heart muscle |
| Name 6 possible causes of myocarditis? | viral, bacterial, protozoal, radiation, chemical poisons, drugs, burns |
| What groups are particularly at risk for myocarditis? | Those with suppressed immunity-(AIDS, malnutrition, immunosuppressive drug, advanced age, raditation |
| Do pt with myocarditis show many specific symptoms early in the disease? | No, they may have vague flu like symptoms. |
| What are some S/S of myocarditis? | heart mummer, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, HF |
| What two things are essential in treating myocarditis? | 1) tx the underlying cause 2)tx the inflammation |
| What meds are often given to tx inflammation? | corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents |
| What are three important goals in caring for pts. with myocarditis? | Reduce pts. heart workload (bed rest), reduce anxiety and oxygenation |
| What is pericarditis? | Inflammation of the pericardium. |
| What is usually the cause of acute pericarditis? | Viral |
| Pericarditis is often a complication of what disease? | end stage kidney disease. |
| What are two heart problems that can proceed a case of pericarditis? | myocardial infarction and open heart surgery |
| What two things cause the pain associated with pericarditis? | inflammation and fluid build up in the pericardial space. |
| What are thee types of long term damage can be done to the pericardium after a case of pericarditis? | fibrosis,scaring, or adhesion can form in the percardial space |
| What are 3 S/S of pericarditis? | chest pain, percardial rub and fever |
| What a 4 things that aggravate the pain of pericarditis? | deep breathing,coughing,swallowing and movement. |
| What is pericardial effusion? | an abnormal collection of fluid between the percardial layers. |
| What is a cardiac tamponade? | A rapid build up of pericardial fluids that compress the heart and inhibit cardiac function. |
| What is a paradoxical pulse? | A major sign of pericarditis. It is when systolic BP drops more than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. |
| What is a pericardiocentesis? | the removal of excess fluids from the pericardial space with a large needle. |
| What are two major causes of heart valve disorders? | stenosis and regurgitation |
| How is valvular stenosis manifest? | valve leaflets fuse together and are unable to open. |
| What is valvular regurgitation? | incomplete closure of the valves that allow back flow into the area the blood has just left. |
| What is mitral stenosis? | narrowing of the mitral valve that obstructs blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. |
| What are three heart changes that can come from mitral stenosis? | dilate and hypertrophy of the left atrium and ventricle and right side HF |
| What is a mitral valve prolapse (MVP)? | A usually congenital defect of the mitral valve where the posterior cusp flops back into the left atrium during systole. |
| What is aortic stenosis? | an blood flow obstruction from the left ventricle into the aorta. |
| What are pts. with aortic stenosis at risk for? | sudden cardiac death |
| What is aortic regurgitation? | the aortic valve fails to close completely allowing blood flow into the left ventricle on diastole. |
| What can improve aortic regurgitation? | exercise |
| What two methods are used to dx valvular disease? | Echocardiography and cardiac cath. |
| What heart disease are pts with valvular disorders at risk for? | endocarditis-need prophylactic antibiotics should be used before invasive procedures. |
| What is percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty? | A balloon cath is sent thru the femoral artery to the area involved and is inflated to open fused leaflets and enlarging the valve |
| What is valvuloplasty? | surgical reconstruction or repair of a heart valve. |
| What is cardiomyopathy? | A diverse group of diseases that affects the structure and function of the heart muscle. |
| What is dilated cardiomyopathy? | Dilated heart chambers that impairs ventricle contraction. The most common part of cardiomyopathy |
| What are three manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy? | HF, cardiomegaly and dysrhythmias |
| What is hypertrophy cardiomyopathy? | hypertrophy of the left ventricle |
| What part of the heart becomes hypertropic in hypertropic cardiomyopathy? | the septum |
| What is restrictive cardiomyopathy? | Rigidity of the ventricle walls that impairs fill and decreases cardiac output. |
| What are two manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy | HF and decreased tissue profusion |
Created by:
3perfectcats
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