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VN 140 Antiinfective
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PATHOGEN | an organism that produces infection |
| BACTERIA | a pathogenic organism that is unicellular, plantlike microorganism lacking chlorophyll |
| FUNGI | are plantlike organisms growing in irregular masses, without roots, stems, or leaves & without chlorophyll or other pigmens involved in photosynthesis; they reproduce sexually or asexually |
| VIRUSES | a group of microbes that, with a few exemption, are capable of passing through fine filters that trap most bacteria; they cannot grow or reproduce apart from living cells. |
| ANTIMICROBIALS | are intiinfective agents, they are chemicals that kill or damage the pathogenic organism |
| PARASITE | an organism that lives on or in another organism which draws its food from the other organism |
| BACTERIOSTATIC | antiinfective agents that limit or slow the growth of bacteria, which weakens or eventually leads to the death of the bacteria |
| BACTERICIDAL | antiinfective agents that kill the bacteria |
| SUPERINFECTION | when other organisms that are not sensitive to a prescribed antibiotic are able to overgrow because the antibiotic also killed the organism that would have kept them under control |
| ANTIBIOTICS | are narrow-spectrum (are effective only against a few organisms) and broad-spectrum (drugs that cover a wide variety of organisms |
| narrow-spectrum | are effective only against a few organisms |
| broad-spectrum | drugs that cover a wide variety of organisms |
| ANTIBIOTICS - adverse reaction | the development of undesired side effect or toxicity caused by the administration of drugs |
| ANTIBIOTICS - drugs | tettracycline, aminoglycocide and erythromycin |
| A- PENICILLINS | has been the main antibiotic for years, choice for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci |
| A- PENICILLINS - action and use | interferes with creation of the mucoceptide cell wall (bacteriocidal) |
| A- PENICILLINS - overuse | leads to penicillin resistant strain |
| A- PENICILLINS - drugs (broad spectrum) | doxocillin, dicloxacillin and nafcillin |
| A- PENICILLINS - adverse reactions | neuropathy (high parental doses), skin erruptions, GI symptoms, Urticaria, Laryngeal edema, Anaphylaxis, drug interactions |
| Tetracycline & erythromycin | they decrease the bacteriostatic of penicillin |
| what is the most common adverse reaction to antibiotic? | superinfection, organ toxicity, tissue damage |
| Probenecid | increase/prolongs penicillin blood level |
| Indomethacine, aspirin, phenylbutazone | increase serum penicillin level |
| ampicillin | may decrease effectiveness or oral birth control |
| A- PENICILLINS - nursing implications and pt teaching | assess for signs of infections and allergies, diagnosis, planning: 10-day regimen |
| A- PENICILLINS - implementation | route of administration; before given, check for BP & pulse; keep them there for 30 mins. Should always aspirate to prevent giving them in the blood vessel |
| A- SULFONAMIDES | it's synthetic; broad-spectrum antiinfective. It has a bacteriostatic action: it inhibits folic acid synthesis in cell |
| A- SULFONAMIDES - drugs | bactrim and septra |
| A- SULFONAMIDES - actions and use | urinary tract infections, effectively treats multiple microorganisms, preoperative and postoperative therapy for bowel surgery |
| A- SULFONAMIDES - nursing implications and pt teaching | drug intereactions: POTENTIATE (anticoagulant) & DECREASE EFFECTIVENESS (sulfonylurias) |
| A- SULFONAMIDES - nursing implications and pt teaching | contraindications: thiazide diuretics - gets rid of fluid >dehydration. Do not give to pt when taking diuretics |
| A- SULFONAMIDES - nursing implications and pt teaching | TEACH PT TO STAY OUT OF SUN; drink lots of fluid; may develop crystalluria or urinary stone formation |
| A- BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS | they are bactericidal or bacteriostatic; large number of unrelated drugs used to treat infections caused by susceptible organisms. Gram positive or gram negative organisms |
| Aminoglycosides | may cause significant damage to the kidney (nephrotoxicity) or ears(ototoxicity). |
| Bacitracin | may cause renal failure as a result of tubular and glomerular necrosis; therefore, the pt's renal status must be closely monitored |
| antibiotics | only treat bacteria; it does not treat fungi or virus. Only use if there is a SECONDARY bacterial infection or superinfection |
| A- BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS - adverse reactions | superinfection, drug interactions and individualized, food interaction. Affected organs: kidneys, liver and auditory nerves. Cross-sensitivity |
| ANTITUBULAR DRUGS | (treatment for TB) use more than 1 drug to treat TB. It is also a long term use. Need combination because can be resistant after using one drug. |
| what is TB caused by | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| who gives guidelines to treat TB? | CDC (Centers for Disease Control) |
| ANTITUBULAR DRUGS - actions and uses | durgs are bacteriostatic: work on intercellular or extracellular cell of the organism |
| ANTITUBULAR DRUGS - drugs | INH (given first when tested positive); ethambutol, ethionamide and rigamprin - combination therapy |
| ANTITUBULAR DRUGS - adverse reactions | nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Body sights affected: ears, kidneys and liver |
| ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS | parasites affecting humans are a worldwide problem. |
| AP - AMBECIDES | caused by parasite Entamoeba histolytica; seem primarily in travelling and eating unwashed fruits or veg imported from other country. Affects GI. |
| AP - AMBECIDES- drugs | metronidazole (drug for GI tract) |
| AP - AMBECIDES- adverse reaction to metronidazole | ataxia and polyuria |
| AP - AMBECIDES- adverse reaction | avoid alcohol, do not combine with disulfram; it will will result in acute psychosis |
| AP - ANTHELMINTICS | to treat helminthiasis |
| helminthiasis | when a pt has worms. |
| AP - ANTHELMINTICS - drugs | Diethylcarbamazine citrate |
| AP - ANTHELMINTICS - adverse reaction | side effect is myalgia; allergic reaciton due to dead microfilaria (worm) |
| AP - ANTHELMINTICS - drug reaction | anthelmintics work against each other if they are given together. |
| AP - ANTIMALARIALS | interfere with the life cycle of Plasmodium; it does not cure the disease, it suppress it |
| 4 species of Protozoan Plasmodium | P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax and P. ovale |
| AP - ANTIMALARIALS - adverse reaction | drug-specific, blood dyscrasias, visual and neurologic changes |
| AP - ANTIMALARIALS - drugs | chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate); hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), quinine sulfate |
| AP - ANTIMALARIALS - drugs - quinine sulfate | yellow skin, dizziness, blurred vision, do not use if there is a cardiac problem, can develop thrombocytopenia |
Created by:
jekjes
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