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APUSH Period 7part 1
1914-1929
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A. Mitchell Palmer | Alexander Mitchell Palmer was an American attorney and politician who served as the 50th United States attorney general from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of 1919–20. |
| Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 1923 | A case in which the court struck down a DC minimum wage law as violating the "freedom contract" right within the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. |
| AEF/"Doughboys" | Nickname for the troops of General John Pershing's American Expeditionary Forces, who traversed the Atlantic to join war weary Allied armies fighting on the Western Front in World War I. American Expeditionary Forces |
| Al Capone | American gangster and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit from 1925 to 1931. Bootlegger. |
| Albert Fall | Albert Bacon Fall was a United States senator from New Mexico and Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding who became infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal; he was the only person convicted as a result of the affair. |
| Alfred Smith | American politician who served four terms as the 42nd governor of New York and was the Democratic Party's presidential nominee in 1928. |
| Allied Powers | Coalition of countries that opposed the Axis powers (led by Germany, Italy, and Japan) during World War II. |
| Amelia Earhart | American aviation pioneer. On July 2, 1937, Earhart disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. |
| Andrew Mellon | One of the major figures in the industrial and financial development of the Trans-Allegheny region, |
| Arabic Pledge | The Arabic pledge was a promise made by the German Empire during World War I to limit unrestricted submarine warfare. |
| Armistice Day | This article is about the memorial day to honor the war dead following the Armistice at the end of World War I. |
| Babe Ruth | American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. |
| Bailey v. Drexel Furniture, 1922 | United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled the 1919 Child Labor Tax Law unconstitutional as an improper attempt by Congress to penalize employers using child labor. |
| Bernard Baruch | American financier and statesman. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board. |
| "Blackjack" Pershing | Senior American United States Army officer. He served most famously as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I from 1917 to 1920. |
| Bootlegging | The illegal manufacture, distribution, or sale of goods, especially alcohol or recordings. |
| Bull Market | A market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying. |
| Calvin Coolidge | He signed into law the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans, and oversaw a period of rapid and expansive economic growth known as the "Roaring Twenties", leaving office with considerable popularity. |
| Central Powers | The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires, were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I. It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria; this was also known as the Quadruple Alliance. |
| Charles Lindbergh | He gained worldwide fame as the first person to fly alone across the Atlantic. He flew the Spirit of St. Louis to all 48 states to show that airplanes could provide a safe, reliable mode of transportation. |
| Clarence Darrow | American lawyer who became famous in the 19th century for high profile representations of trade union causes, and in the 20th century for several criminal matters, the Scopes "monkey" trial, and the Ossian Sweet defense. |
| Dawes Plan | The Dawes Plan temporarily resolved the issue of the reparations that Germany owed to the Allies of World War I. |
| Duke Ellington | American jazz pianist, composer, and leader of his eponymous jazz orchestra from 1923 through the rest of his life. |
| ee Cummings | E. E. Cummings, was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. He was an ambulance driver during World War I and was in an internment camp, which provided the basis for his novel The Enormous Room. |
| Election of 1920 | Republican Party re-established the dominant position it lost in the 1910 and 1912 elections. This was the first election after the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the constitutional right to vote. |
| Emergency Immigration Quota Act, 1921 (Johnson Act) | It established a national origins formula that calculated a 3% quota on each nationality entering the United States based on foreign-born population data. |
| Ernest Hemingway | American novelist, short-story writer and journalist. Best known for an economical, understated style that significantly influenced later 20th-century writers, he is often romanticized for his adventurous lifestyle, and outspoken and blunt public image. |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | The Act made it a crime to convey information intended to interfere with the war effort. |
| Ethnic Self-Determination | Self-determination is act of a particular people or an ethnic group to exercise its sovereign right to become an independent state and to decide on the form of state (including the system of government). |
| Eugene Debs | American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. |
| Ezra Pound | American poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement, and a collaborator in Fascist Italy and the Salò Republic during World War II. His works include Ripostes, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, and his 800-page epic poem, The Cantos. |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term he popularized in his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age. Gatsby |
| Five Power Treaty | Arms limitation treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy on February 6, 1922. |
| Flappers | (in the 1920s) a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior. A way to break gender norms for women, loose-women. |
| Food Administration Board (FDA) | A food safety agency or food administration or Food Safety Authority is a government agency responsible for ensuring the safety, quality, and proper labeling of food products within a country or region. |
| Fordney McCumber Tariff | 1922 was a law that raised American tariffs on many imported goods to protect factories and farms. |
| Four Power Treaty | Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference on 13 December 1921. |
| 14 Points | The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I, proposed by Woodrow Wilson. |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | Frank Lloyd Wright Sr. was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. |
| Franz Ferdinand | Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Got shot and that's what inevitably led to WWI. |
| Fuel Administration Board | World War I-era agency of the Federal government of the United States established by Executive Order 2690 of August 23, 1917, pursuant to the Food and Fuel Control Act. The administration managed the use of coal and oil. |
| Fundamentalism | Form of a religion, especially Islam or Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture. |
| George Creel Committee (CPI) | (1917–1919), also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee, was an independent agency of the government of the United States under the Wilson administration created to influence public opinion to support US in World War I, in particular, the US home front. |
| "Good Neighborism" | Respectful, friendly and open to making genuine friendships with those who live in your neighborhood. |
| Hammer v. Dagenhart, 1918 | Established that Congress cannot enact laws that attempt to impose production regulations on the states. Congress did not have the authority to establish regulations for states regarding the employment of children because of state sovereignty. |
| Harlem Renaissance | Intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920's and 1930's. |
| Harry Ford Sinclair | Founded Sinclair Oil Corporation. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | A member of the Republican Party, he served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 and is best known for his positions on foreign policy. |
| Henry Ford | Henry Ford was an American industrialist and business magnate. As founder of the Ford Motor Company, he is credited as a pioneer in making automobiles affordable for middle-class Americans through the Fordism system. |
| Herbert Hoover | American politician and humanitarian who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. Hoovervilles |
| HL Mencken | American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians, and contemporary movements. |
| Installment Plans | A way of buying products gradually. You make regular payments to the seller until, after some time, you have paid the full price. |
| Irreconcilables | Were bitter opponents of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States in 1919. |
| "The Jazz Singer", 1927 | American musical film, released in 1927, that was the first feature-length movie with synchronized dialogue. It marked the ascendancy of “talkies” and the end of the silent-film era. Heavily racist with black-face. |
| Jeanette Rankin | American politician, women's rights advocate became the first women to hold federal office in the US. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from Montana in 1916 for one term, then was elected again in 1940. Opposed the Vietnam War. |
| KKK | Violent secret fraternal society founded in 1915 in Georgia to maintain white Protestant cultural and political power. |
| Kellogg Braind Pact | The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. |
| Langston Hughes | American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance. |
| League of Nations/Article X | Required each participating nation to “respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members.” |
| Liberty Bonds | Debt obligation issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury in conjunction with the Federal Reserve. |
| London Conference | 1866, it was the third and final in a series of conferences that led to Canadian Confederation in 1867. |
| Louis Armstrong | American trumpeter and vocalist. He was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades and several eras in the history of jazz. |
| Louis Brandeis | Louis Dembitz Brandeis was an American lawyer who served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939. |
| Lusitania | RMS Lusitania was an ocean liner that was launched by the Cunard Line in 1906 and held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing in 1908. |
| "The Man Nobody Knows" | American author and advertising executive Bruce Fairchild Barton. In it, Barton presents Jesus as "[t]he Founder of Modern Business," in an effort to make the Christian story accessible to businessmen of the time. |
| Marcus Garvey/UNIA | Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), primarily in the United States, organization founded by Marcus Garvey, dedicated to racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent Black nation in Africa. |
| Meuse-Argonne Forest* | A major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. |
| National Origins Act, 1924 | 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. |
| Nine Power Treaty | Obliged all parties to respect “the sovereignty, the independence, and the territorial and administrative integrity of the state of China” and the commercial Open Door. |
| "The Noble Experiment" | Prohibition, or the “noble experiment,” was a nationwide ban that prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol. |
| October Appeal | October appeal. reignited political tensions between democrats and republicans and called for the people to vote for a majority democratic assembly. |
| Ohio Gang | A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. |
| "Over There" | American composer famous for his World War I songs: "Over There" and "You're A Grand Ole Flag". Pride and Nationalism. |
| Red Scare | A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents. |
| Reparations | As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. |
| Reservationists | Members of the Senate who were ready to ratify the Treaty of Versailles with modifications. |
| Robert Frost | 1920's San Francisco poet who wrote hauntingly about his adopted New England. |
| Russian Revolution | The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces. |
| Sacco-Vanzetti Trial | Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree. |
| Schenck vs. US | A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. |
| Scopes Monkey Trial | John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, American legal case July 1925 a substitute high school teacher, Scopes, accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, made unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. |
| Selective Service Act | This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis. |
| Sinclair Lewis | A hot-headed, heavy-drinking journalist who wrote the novels "Main Street" (1920) and "Babbitt" (1924). |
| Solemn referendum | Wilson's belief that the presidential election of 1920 should constitute a direct popular vote on the League of Nations. |
| Speakeasies | An illegal bar where drinks were sold, during the time of prohibition. |
| Stimson Doctrine | United States would not recognize any treaty or agreement between Japan and China that violated U.S. rights or agreements to which the United States subscribed. |
| Sussex Pledge | Declaration by Germany in 1916 resulting in a changed naval policy. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | Bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. |
| Trench warfare | A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. |
| TS Elliot | Anglo-American poet, playwright, and literary critic of the modernist movement. |
| “Unrestricted submarine warfare” | A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters. |
| Veteran’s Administration (VA) | An agency of the federal government created to provide a loan guaranty program which enables. |
| Volstead Act | (1919) A federal act enforcing the eighteenth amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. |
| War Industries Board | (WIB) was a government agency established during World War I to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. |
| Warren Harding | 1921- 1923, President who called for a return to normalcy following WWI. |
| Washington Naval Conference | 1921-1922 was a meeting between most major world powers. |
| William Faulkner | (1897-1962) Mississippi novelist who explored the South's collective memory of racism and conservatism in his fictional chronicle of "Yoknapatawpha" County. |
| Woodrow Wilson | The Democratic representative in the presidential elections of 1912 and 1916. |
| World Court | AKA the Permanent Court of International Justice. American justices served on the World Court at The Hague, though the United States also refused to join |
| Wright Brothers | Credited with the design and construction of the first practical airplane. |
| Young Plan | The Young Plan was a program for settlement of German reparations debts after World War I written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930. |
| Zimmerman Note | A secret document to Mexico that said Germany would help them regain lost territories in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico if they joined the war on the Central Powers side. |
| Zora Neale Hurston | Black writer who wanted to save African American folklore. |
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