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STNA Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Germ Transmission | The way that germs are spread from person/object to person/object |
| White Blood Cells | Cells that fight pathogens in the blood stream and lymph system; an important part of the body's defense system |
| Aseptic | Free from pathogenic microorganisms |
| Rehabilitation | The process of restoring the person to his/her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social and economic function |
| Abduction Pillow | A pillow used to move a body part away from the midline of body |
| Nosocomial Infection | An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. More specifically, an infection that was not present or incubating prior to the person's admission |
| C-Difficile | A strain of bacteria that causes a severe type of diarrhea and intestinal infection |
| Medical Asepsis | Practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another |
| Misappropriation of Resident Property | The use of funds or property for a purpose other than that for which they are intended or legally required |
| Good Samaritan Law | A law enacted in all states to legally protect trained providers who voluntarily stop to help, act in good faith, and do not provide care beyond training, and are not completely careless in delivering emergency care |
| Pacemaker or Automated Internal Defibrillator | A surgically implanted device to note if preparing to use an AED; noticeable by a lump or surgical scar on the chest |
| Inflammation | The body's reaction to tissue injury or infection characterized by reddening, pain, swelling, and warmth, due to increased blood flow in the traumatized area |
| Geriatrics | Care of aging people |
| Self-Actualization | To become what we are capable of becoming..reaching out potential |
| Nurse Aide Registry | Keeps track of those who have met written and skills test criteria to be certified for employment in long-term care settings, usually nursing homes. Also maintains records of those nurse aides who have had a finding of abuse, neglect against them. |
| Alternating Pressure Mattress | A mattress with multiple air cells that is used to prevent and treat decubitus ulcers (bed sores) |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis on one side of the body |
| Ambulation | The act of walking |
| Foot Board | A board placed at the foot of the mattress to prevent plantar flexion that leads to footdrop |
| Antiembolic Stockings (TED Hose) | Elastic stockings that exert pressure on the veins that promotes venous blood return to the heart and prevent blood clots |
| Paralysis | Loss of muscle function and/or sensation |
| Restorative Care | Care that helps the person regain health, strength, and independence |
| Observations | Using the senses of sight, hearing, touch and smell to collect info |
| Objective Data | Signs: info that is seen, heard, felt or smelled |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | The five needs, represented in a pyramid: 5. Self-Actualization, 4. Esteem, 3. Love/Belonging, 2. Safety, 1.Physiological |
| Immune System | The system of body that protects us against disease |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | An irregular heart rhythm that will cause the heart to stop suddenly |
| Self-Esteem | Sense of worth; Maslow states that these needs are for higher position and respect from others in a group-gives us power |
| Musculoskeletal System | The system of the body that includes the muscles and the skeleton |
| Communicable | A disease caused by pathogens that spread easily; a contagious disease |
| Axillary Temperature | Temperature taken under the arm (armpit)-Normal 96.6-98.6F |
| Blood Pressure | The amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood |
| Temporal Temperature | Measures body temperature at the temporal artery in the forehead-Normal 99.6 |
| Oral Temperature | Temperature taken by mouth-Normal 97.6-99.6F |
| Rectal Temperature | Temperature taken in the rectum when alternate sites cannot be used correctly or safely-Normal 98.6-100.6F |
| Carotid Pulse | A pulse taken at this artery located in the neck-used most often in emergencies |
| Respiration | Breathing air into and out of the lungs |
| Radial Pulse | The most frequently used pulse site; pulse taken this artery at the wrist |
| Apical Pulse | A pulse taken at the apex of the heart by stethoscope |
| Dyspnea | Difficult, labored or painful breathing |
| Cyanotic | Blue color from lack of oxygen |
| Stethoscope | An instrument used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other body organs |
| TPR | Abbreviation for temperature, pulse, and respirations |
| MDS | Minimum Data Set is part of the federally mandated process for clinical assessment of all residents in Medicare or Medicaid certified nursing homes |
| Development | Relates to changed in mental, emotional and social function |
| Mobility | A person ability to move |
| Prosthesis | An artificial replacement for a missing body part |
| Footdrop | The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion |
| Kardex | A quick reference card that highlights the particular needs of each patient for certain aspects of nursing care |
| Subjective Data | Symptoms: Things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses |
| Extension | Straightening a body part |
| Flexion | Bending a body part |
| Adduction | Moving a body part toward the midline of the body |
| Passive Range of Motion | The nursing assistant/health care provider moves the person's limbs through the range of motion because the person is unable, for whatever reason, to do it |
| Abduction | Moving a body part away from the midline of the body |
| Range of Motion | Exercising all joints through their full motion, to prevent contractures and muscle atrophy |
| Developmental Tasks | Skills that must be completed during a stage of development |
| Active Range of Motion | The resident is able to move limbs through his/her range of motion unassisted |
| Active Assist Range of Motion | The person participates in ROM to the extent that they are able |
| Gerontology | Study of the aging process |
| Tendon | A tough cord or band of tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| Plantar Flexion | Bending the foot down at the ankle-foot is bent |
| Trapeze | A device placed over the top of the bed that is used to exercise and strengthen arm muscles and to move up and turn in bed |
| Tornado Watch | Conditions are favorable for a tornado |
| Dementia | The loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities |
| Hydration | The process of providing an adequate amount of liquid to body tissues |
| Restrict Fluids | Limit the 24-hour fluid intake to the physician-ordered amount |
| Open Bed | Bed made with the top sheet and spread fan folded to the bottom of the bed; allows easy access to the bed by the resident |
| Huntington's Disease | Inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain |
| Multiple Sclerosis | A slow, progressive, chronic disease in which the myelin in the brain and the spinal cord is destroyed |
| Tuberculosis | Contagious and severe airborne disease caused by a bacterial infection. Affects the lungs |
| Cataract | A clouding of the lens in the eye |
| White blood cells | Cells that protect the body against infection |
| Chronic | An ongoing illness, slow or gradual in onset with no known cure |
| Flatus | Gas or air passed through the anus |
| Vomitus | Vomit-emesis |
| Jaundice | Yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes |
| Fecal Impaction | When constipation that goes on too long, the stool becomes hard and builds up in the rectum |
| Closed Bed | Bed made with top sheet & spread pulled all the way up; used when resident will be out of bed for the day |
| COPD | Two disorders that interferes with oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs |
| Emphysema | Chronic lung disorder involving the enlargement of the alveoli, trapping air. |
| UTI | Infection of the urinary tract |
| Surgical Bed | Bed made with top sheet fan folded lengthwise to the side of the bed farthest from the door; easy access to the person returning from surgery on a cart |
| Mitered Corners | A method for tucking sheets when bed making |
| Respiratory system | this system brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide from the body |
| Osteoporosis | a disease of the bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture due to the weakening of the bone |
| Fracture pan | a bedpan with a thin rim that is less deep; designed for those with in casts, traction, or with limited movement |
| Lateral Position | The person lies on one side or the other; side-lying position |
| Tornado Warning | A tornado has been sighted in the area |
| Bladder Training | A process that helps the resident to develop control of urination. May be needed because of incontinence or following the use of an indwelling catheter |
| I&O | Abbreviation for Intake and Output |
| Acute | A sudden illness from which a person is expected to recover |
| Diastolic Pressure | The period when the heart is at rest; the bottom number of the blood pressure |
| Vital Signs | Used to detect changes in normal body function as they reflect the function of the body processes that are essential for life. Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. |
| Hypertension | The systolic pressure is 140 or higher, or the diastolic pressure is 90 or higher-high blood pressure |
| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart with great force; blood from this vessel is bright red in color |
| Hypotension | The systolic pressure is below 90; the diastolic pressure is below 60 |
| Tympanic Temperature | Temperature taken in the auditory canal; light reflects off the tympanic membrane (ear drum)-Normal 98.6F |
| Developmental Disability | A disability occurring before the age of 22 that is permanent; can be physical, cognitive, psychological, sensory or speech |
| Mental Illness | A disturbance in the ability to cope or adjust to stress; behavior and function are impaired; mental disorder, emotional illness, psychiatric disorder |
| Sexuality | The physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual factors that affect a person's feelings and attitudes about sexual activity |
| SDS or MSDS | Information about a chemical's properties and how to clean it up correctly or decontaminate if exposed to it (MSDS=Material Safety Data Sheet) |
| Infection Control | Practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| Pathogens | A microorganism that is harmful and can cause an infection |
| Clostridium Difficile | C-difficile is short for what? |
| Contact Precautions | What type of precautions does C-difficile require? |
| Non-Contagious Disease | A medical condition or disease which is not infectious and not transmitted between people |
| Droplets | A tiny drop of liquid that is easily spread through the air |
| Disinfection | The process of destroying pathogens |
| Sterile/Sterilization | The absence of all microorganisms or the process of ridding an object of all microorganisms |
| Clean | Free from disease or pathogens |
| Contamination | The process of becoming unclean |
| Infection | A disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the body |
| Bacteria | A single celled organism that reproduce; there are both good and bad. Good ones aid in digestion, bad ones can make you sick |
| Microorganisms | A small living plant or animal seen only with a microscope |
| Sharps Container | A container that is designed for the disposal of sharps (sharp objects that are contaminated with blood/body fluids or that pose a risk puncture or cut to others) used in the delivery of health care |
| Physical Therapist | Assists persons with musculoskeletal problems, focuses on restoring function and preventing disability |
| Dietician | Assesses and plans for nutritional needs; teaches good nutrition, food selection, and preparation |
| Intake | The amount of fluid taken in to the body |
| Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 | Federal law that sets the minimum training and competency evaluation requirements for nursing assistants. Purpose is to improve the quality of life for nursing center residents. |
| Output | The amount of fluid lost from the body |
| Hospice | A health care agency or program for persons who are dying |
| Abuse | The intentional mistreatment or harm of another person |
| Neglect | The refusal or failure to provide an elderly person with such life necessities as food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medicine, comfort, personal safety, and other essentials in an implied responsibility to an elder |
| Resident Rights | Legal rights of residents as US citizens. Protected by state and federal law. Centers cannot interfere with these rights. |
| Director of Nursing | Accepts responsibility for resident care and supervises nursing staff |
| Circulation | A system that moves nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from cells through the blood |
| Heimlich Maneuver | An emergency action done to dislodge food from the airway, performed by squeezing the person from behind, below the ribs |
| Defibrillation | The process of passing an electrical shock through the heart to restore a normal pumping rhythm |
| Automated External Defibrillator | A portable, computerized, device that automatically analyzes for life-threatening heart rhythms and provides corrective treatment through adhesive pads on a person's chest |
| Rescue Breaths | Artificial breaths to someone who is not breathing; given by blowing air into the mouth to inflate the lungs |
| Bag-Mask | Hand-held device used to provide ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately. The device is a normal part of a resuscitation kit for trained professionals |
| Implied Consent | A legal concept-the assumption that an unresponsive person would give permission to be helped if responsive |
| Protective Barrier | Anything that helps reduce the risk of exposure to potentially infectious body fluids such as gloves, masks, gowns, and shields |
| Myocardial Infarction | Heart attack; reduced blood flow to the tissues of the heart; signs and symptoms include pain, severe pressure or discomfort in chest |
| Ileostomy | A surgically created opening between the ileum (small intestine) and the abdominal wall |
| Foley (Indwelling) Catheter | A catheter left in the bladder so urine drains constantly into a drainage bag |
| Flatulence | The excessive formation of gas or air in the stomach and intestines |
| Urinate | Empty urine from the bladder-void-pee |
| Bowel Program | A process of actions & activities to help the resident gain control of bowel movements and to develop a regular pattern of elimination |
| Compensation | Something of value (usually money) given in exchange for something else, IE: work for pay |
| Occupied Bed | The resident remains in the bed while it is made |
| Terminal Illness | An illness or injury from which the person will not likely recover |
| Head Tilt-Chin Lift | A maneuver used to open the airway of an unconscious patient performed by placing the palm of one hand on the patient's forehead and applying gentle backward pressure. The fingers of the other hand are placed on the bony part of chin and lifted foreward |
| C.A.B. | Circulation, Airway, Breathing |
| Rate of Compressions per Minute | 100-120 |
| Sudden Cardiac Arrest | The heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning |
| Abdominal Thrusts | Quick, hard movements directed inward and upward towards the diaphragm to assist an adult to expel foreign objects in the airway |
| Recovery Position | A position of safety for a person recovering from a trauma or cardiac event used to prevent aspiration by placing the person in a position to drain fluids from the mouth and keep the tongue from blocking the airway |
| Unconscious | Unable to be aroused; not aware of surroundings |
| Conscious | Alert and aware of your surroundings |
| Dialysis | The process of removing waste from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able by using an external machine which filters the blood |
| Void | Urinate-empty urine from the bladder-pee |
| Systolic Pressure | The period when the heart is pumping blood; the top number of the blood pressure |
| Rationalization | To think about or describe something in a way that explains it and makes it seem proper, more attractive, etc. |
| Postural Supports | Supports used to keep the body in good body alignment when in a sitting position; used primarily focuses on keeping the upper body straight |
| Plaque | A thin film-like deposit that sticks to the teeth and can cause tooth decay |
| Empathy | Identifying with another's feelings although you are not able to change or solve the situation |
| Phone Etiquette | A set of rules that apply when people make calls to others or when they are receiving a phone call |
| Gestures | A movement or position of the hand, arm, body, head, or face that expresses an idea, opinion, emotion, etc. |
| Fraud | Saying or doing something to trick, fool or deceive someone |
| Adaptive Devices | Any piece of equipment designed to improve the function of a body part |
| Abandonment | Stopping care or leaving work without giving reasonable notice to the appropriate person so that arrangements can be made for other qualified staff to deliver care to the resident |
| Ventilator | A machine which mechanically assists patients to breathe when they are unable to breathe on their own |
| Intellectual Disability | Involves low intellectual function with an IQ score below 70-75 |
| Graduated Container | A measuring container for fluid marked typically in ounces and milliliters |
| Force Fluids | Encourage a greater intake or oral fluids by offering preferred fluids and offering them frequently (ever 30-60 minutes) |
| ID/DD | Abbreviation for intellectual Disability and developmental disability |
| Sun Downing | Behavior problems that occur in the late afternoon and evening with older people who are I'll or suffer from a disease. They may become demanding, suspicious, upset or disoriented, see or hear things that aren't there and believe things that aren't true. |
| Incontinence | Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder or the escape of stool from the rectum |
| Supine Position | The back-lying position |
| Elopement | When a resident wanders or runs away from the LTCF |
| Prone Position | Lying on the abdomen (stomach) with the head turned to one side |
| Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination |
| Ergonomics | Adapting the environment using techniques and equipment to prevent injury and provide more efficient care |
| Perineal Care | Cleaning the genital area and anal areas: pericare |
| Body Mechanics | The body movements used by staff when moving residents, equipment or objects |
| Unoccupied Bed | Resident is able to leave the bed while it is made |
| Alzheimer's | A neurological illness that affects older adults, is the result of abnormal changes in brain tissue. Can only be diagnosed by autopsy |
| Tracheotomy | A surgically created opening into the trachea |
| Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar; typical symptoms include drowsiness, thirst, very dry mouth, sweet odor to the breath |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar; typical symptoms include hunger, weakness, shaking and headache |
| Hem-Stitching | Side of the sheet with raw edge of fabric; should be faced away from the person |
| Personal Protective Alarm | Alarms used to alert staff when a resident is in potential danger, IE: falling when getting up alone |
| Parkinson's Disease | A slow, progressive disorder of the brain that leads to shaking (tremors) and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. There is no cure. |
| Fan-Fold | Folding the sheet and/or blanket back and forth on top of themselves |
| Cerebral Vascular Accident, also known as a Stroke | Blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, which results in the death of brain cells |
| Nervous System | The system that controls, directs and coordinates the functions of the body through the brain, spinal cord and nerves |
| HIV/AIDS | A sexually transmitted chronic disease, it is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the HIV. By damaging your immune system, the virus interferes with body's ability to fight organisms that cause disease |
| Coronary Artery Disease | The arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrow, and the heart muscle gets less blood and oxygen than needed |
| Cardiovascular System | The heart and blood vessels make up the network that delivers blood to the body's tissues |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Occurs when the heart is weakened and cannot pump normally. Results in blood backing up and fluid building up in the body |
| Constipation | Stool moves slowly through the intestines, too much water is removed, and the stool becomes hard and dry. It becomes difficult and/or painful to have a bowel movement |
| Enema | Putting fluid into the rectum and lower colon to remove stool; to relieve constipation, impaction or flatus; or to clean the bowel before certain procedures or surgeries |
| Nasal Cannula | A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen to a patient; consists of a plastic tube which fits behind the ears, and a set of two prongs which are placed in the nostrils |
| Arthritis | Joint inflammation |
| Angina | Chest pain from reduced blood flow to part of the heart muscle. Rest typically relieves the symptoms within 3 to 15 minutes. Nitroglycerin tablets, placed under tongue, are also part of normal treatment |
| Ventilator | Using a machine to move air into and out of the lungs |
| Aphasia | Partial or total loss of the ability to use or understand spoken or written language, resulting from damage to the brain caused by injury or disease |
| Burnout | Feeling of being worn out and having diminished interest in performing an activity |
| Slander | Making false statements verbally |
| Reminiscing | To recollect and tell of past experiences or events |
| Stereotypes | Generalizations about a group of people in which we attribute a defined set of characteristics to this group |
| Respite Care | When a caregiver needs "relief" or a break from providing care and another person or agency steps in to provide the care TEMPORARILY in order to give the regular caregivers rest. Can occur in the home or the patient can be placed in a healthcare facility. |
| Palliative Care | Care that involves relieving or reducing the intensity of uncomfortable symptoms without producing a cure |
| Aphasia | Partial or total loss of the ability to use or understand spoken or written language, resulting from damage to the brain caused by injury or disease |
| Cueing | Giving a reminder or hint of something |
| Acceptance | The final stage of grieving. May or May not be reached. Realize that death is unavoidable |
| Spiritual Needs | Needs concerned with, or affecting the soul; may be religious in nature |
| Clergy | A person trained for religious service; pastor, priest, bishop, deacon |
| Post-Mortem Care | Caring for the body of the deceased with the purpose being to prepare the body for viewing by the family and/or transport to the morgue or funeral home |
| Denial | The first stage of grieving. Denying that death will occur |
| Anger | The second stage of grieving. Anger that this is happening to them, and anger at others because it is not happening to them |
| Bargaining | The third stage of grieving. Trying to make an agreement with your God for postponing death |
| Depression | The fourth stage of grieving. Reality of death is unavoidable; a reaction to getting sicker and grieving for the losses they will experience. The losses they focus on are relationships |
| Advance Directives | A document stating a person's wishes about health care when that person cannot make his or her own decisions. Includes living wills and durable power of attorney |
| Living Will | An advanced directive that outlines the measures that a person wishes to be taken to support or maintain their life when death is likely and they are not able to communicate their wishes |
| DNR | Do Not Resuscitate order-no action should be taken should death come; we must focus on providing care to keep the individual comfortable |
| 5 stages of Dying and Grieving (Grieving Process) | The emotional stages that a person moves through when faced with their own death or the death of a loved one. Includes denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance |
Created by:
kinsley.sickels
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