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VN140 Genitourinary

VN140 Genitourinary Pharm

QuestionAnswer
what drugs available to treat hypertension? Diuretics, Adrenergic antagonists, Angiotensin-related drugs, Vasodilators and Calcium channel blocking agents
DIURETICS **** indirectly reduce blood pressure by producing sodium and water loss and lowering the tone or rigidity of the arteries
What are the types of Diuretics? 1) Thiazide and sulfonamide diuretics 2) Loop diuretics 3) Potassium-sparing diuretics
what would lead to an increased risk of death? high blood pressure associated with accelerated vascular damage of heart, brain and kidneys
DIURETICS - THIAZIDE & SULFONAMIDE DIURETICS prevent reabsorption of Na and Cl through direct action on the end of the ascending loop and the beginning of the distal tubule of the loop of Henle in the distal kidney tubule.
DIURETICS - THIAZIDE & SULFONAMIDE DIURETICS also act directly to dilate the smooth muscles in the arterioles, the smallest vessels in the arterial system. The heart does not have to pump so hard to get blood into them. It works to promote reabsorption of calcium
DIURETICS - THIAZIDE & SULFONAMIDE DIURETICS - drugs chlorothiazide (Diuril) and hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL, Microzide)
DIURETICS - THIAZIDE & SULFONAMIDE DIURETICS - nursing implication encourage to drink citrus and eat banana due to potassium loss
DIURETICS fyi look for electrolyte lab result. Elderly are succeptible to postural hypertension.
what diuretics will you expect a potassium supplement? THIAZIDE AND SULFONAMIDE & LOOP DIURETICS
DIURETICS - LOOP DIURETICS act by blocking active transport of Cl, Na and K in the thick ascending loop of Henle. These drugs often work well in patients with very low glomerular filtration.
DIURETICS - LOOP DIURETICS - drugs bumetanide (Bumex), furosemide (Lasix)
DIURETICS - POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS increase the excretion of water and sodium but save potassium. They act by binding at receptor sites in the distal renal tubular cell nucleus, resulting in changes in the creation of proteins that affect the exchange of Na and K
DIURETICS - POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS spironolactone (Aldactone) *** amiloride (Midamor) and triamterene (Dyrenium)
who should you give POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS drugs to? patients with kidney disease, elderly pts with poor kidney function who have HYPOKALEMIA or pts with risk of having hypokalemia.
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS blocks the transmission of the two neurotransmitter epinepherine and norephinephrine
what are the 5 categories of ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS? 1) Beta-adrenergic blockers 2) Central adrenergic inhibitors 3) Peripheral adrenergic antagonists 4) Alpha1-adrenergic inhibitors and 5) combined alpha and beta adrenergic blockers
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS NONSELECTIVE: block beta1 and beta 2 sites. SELECTIVE: block beta1 site. ***NONSELECTIVE - reduce heart rate &force of contraction 2) prevent renin release 3) slow the outflow of sympathetic nervous system
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs - atenolol tenormin
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs - bisoprolol Zebeta
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs - metoprolol Lopressor Tropol XL
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs - nadolol Corgard
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs - propanolol Inderal
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - CENTRAL ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS cause vascular relaxation and lower blood pressure
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - CENTRAL ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - clonidine Catapres, Duraclon
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - CENTRAL ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - methyldopa Aldomet
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - PERIPHERAL ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS limit norepinephrine release, prevent vasoconstriction
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - PERIPHERAL ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS -drugs removd from American market due to side effects
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - ALPHA1 ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS lower peripheral resistance and blood pressure; both arterioles and venules are dilated by this relaxation of the arteriolar and venous smooth muscles.
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - ALPHA1 ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - prazosin Minipress
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - ALPHA1 ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - terazosin Hytrin
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - ALPHA1 ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - doxazosin Cardural
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - ALPHA1 ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS -drugs - tamsulosin Flomax
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - COMBINED ALPHA-AND BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS work on both A & B receptors
ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS - COMBINED ALPHA-AND BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS -drugs- labetalol hydrochloride Normodyne, Trandate
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS affect the renin-angiotensin system of the kidney
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEI) inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEI) -FYI diabetics need to use this to protect kidney to lower bp
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEI) - drugs - captopril Capoten
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEI) - drugs - lisinopril Zestril
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEI) - drugs - other benazepril (Lotensin), quinapril (Accupril)
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS it increases the BP. Works in adrenal cortex to increase aldosteron secretion hormone
ANGIOTENSIN RELATED AGENTS - ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - drugs losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), irbesartan (Avapro)
VASODILATORS reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, thus lowering peripheral vascular resistance.
VASODILATORS - drugs hydralazine (Apresoline), minoxidil (Loniten)
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENTS selectively limit the passage of extracellular calcium ions through specific ion channels of the cell membrane in cardia, vascular and smooth muscle cells. This causes a lowered peripheral vascular resistance & a fall in systolic and diastolic bp
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENTS - drugs amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), nifedipin (Procardia), verapamil (Calan)
what is urinary incontinence treatment? anticholigernic/antispasmodics, alpha-adrenergic agonists,estrogens, cholinergic agonists, and alpha-adrenergic antagonists
what is urinary incontinence treatment? Anticholigernics use for urinary incontinents to stop bladder contractions and decrease response of bladder muscles
what is urinary incontinence treatment? Antispasmodics directly cause smooth muscle relaxation
what is urinary incontinence treatment? Estrogens help restore urethral mucosa. Increase vascularity tone and ability for urethral muscle to respond
Benign prostatic hyperplasia noncancerous growth of the prostate gland; if this gland becomes large enough, it can cause voiding problems
What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment? alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blockers
What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment? Drugs Tamsulonsin (Flomax) and Finasteride
Analgesia treatment? Drug - phenazopyridine Pyridium
Pyridium used to control pain in the urinary tract, usually from acute urinary tract infection. Will cause urine to turn orange.
PATIENT TEACHING take meds as ordered. DO NOT DOUBLE DOSE. 2) eat K rich foods with most diuretics, may need K+ supplement. 3) Lifestyle change 4) notify HCP if side effects noted r if symptoms not improved.
Which drugs will cause hyperkalemia? potassium sparing agents and ACE inhibitors
Which drugs will cause hypokalemia? THIAZIDE AND SULFONAMIDE & LOOP DIURETICS
Created by: jekjes
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