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1. How many generations of computers are there? What is the difference between them? In what way have computers been changing over time? There are five generations of computers, each characterized by advancements in technology and capabilities. They've been changing over time by becoming smaller, faster, and more powerful.
2. What are the differences between the main types of computers (mainframes, supercomputers, desktop PCs, laptops, and tablets)? Mainframes are large, powerful computers used by large organizations, supercomputers are designed for high-performance computing tasks, desktop PCs and laptops are personal computers for general use, and tablets are portable touchscreen devices.
3. What are the similarities between smartphones and tablet PCs? Smartphones and tablets are similar in that they both have touchscreen interfaces, mobile operating systems, and can run similar applications.
4. What is the difference between hardware and software? Hardware refers to physical components of a computer, while software refers to programs and data that instruct the hardware.
5. What are the most important hardware components in a computer system? Explain your choice. Talk about the function of each of the component you have named. The most important hardware components in a computer system are the CPU, RAM, and storage devices. The CPU processes instructions, RAM stores data temporarily, and storage devices hold data permanently.
6. What types of peripherals do you know? Talk about each of them Peripherals include input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like external hard drives.
7. What are the three main parts of the CPU? Talk about the functions of each of them. The three main parts of the CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, and registers. The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations, the control unit coordinates instructions, and registers temporarily hold data.
8. What is the performance of the CPU affected by? The performance of the CPU is affected by factors such as clock speed, number of cores, and cache size.
9. What is cache memory? What is its function? What is ‘write-through’ cache and ‘write-back’ cache? Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory used to store frequently accessed data. 'Write-through' cache immediately writes data to main memory, while 'write-back' cache delays writing until necessary.
10. What is cache hit/ cache miss? A cache hit occurs when requested data is found in cache, while a cache miss occurs when it's not.
11. Talk about RAM and ROM/ Talk about different types of ROM. RAM(Random Access Memory) is volitale memory used for temporary storage, while ROM(Read Only Memory) is non-volitale used for permanent storage. Types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM.
12. What is the difference between primary memory and secondary storage devices? Give examples of primary and secondary storage media. Primary memory is volitale and used for temporary storage, while secondary storage device are non-volitale and used for long-term storage. Examples of primary memory include RAM, while secondary storage media include HDD and SSD.
13. Give at least two possible classifications of storage devices. Storage devices can be classified as magnetic or optical, or primary or secondary.
14. Talk about hard disk drive. Describe its constructions and formatting process. Hard drive disk consist of platters coated with magnetic material, read/write head, and motor. Formatting prepears disk for use by creating tracks and sectors.
15 What are the differences between a CD and DVD in term of the internal structure? CD and DVD differ in terms of their storage capacity and laser wavelenght.
Optical discs offer advantages such as portability and durability but have slower access times compared to magnetic disks.
HDDs use magnetic storage and are slower but cheaper, while SSDs use flash memory and are faster but more expensive.
System software manages computer hardware and provides a platform for running applications, while application software performs specific tasks for users.
An operating system manages hardware resources, provides user interfaces, and runs applications.
Operating systems can be classified as single-user or multi-user, single-tasking or multi-tasking, and batch or interactive.
CLI (Command Line Interface) requires commands to be typed, while GUI (Graphical User Interface) uses graphical elements like icons and windows.
An application program is software designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processing or web browsing.
Open-source software allows users to access and modify its source code, fostering collaboration and innovation.
Proprietary software is owned by a company and restricts access to its source code, providing support and security but limiting customization.
Networks can be classified as LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs, and CANs.
Networking hardware includes routers, switches, modems, and network interface cards, each serving different functions in communication.
A hub broadcasts data to all devices on a network, a switch forwards data to specific devices, and a router connects multiple networks.
Network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid.
A mesh topology is considered the most robust as it provides redundant paths, while a bus topology is the least robust as it relies on a single communication line.
Wired networks offer faster and more reliable connections but are less flexible, while wireless networks provide mobility but may suffer from interference and slower speeds.
The OSI model consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer has specific functions in data communication, from physical transmission to user interface.
Created by: Aman123
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