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What is the function of the vertebral column?
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How many thoracic vertebrae does a typical person have?
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Thoracic/lumbar
CT/MR Thoracic/Lumbar
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the vertebral column? | helps to maintain posture; protects the spinal cord and nerves |
| How many thoracic vertebrae does a typical person have? | 12 |
| How many lumbar vertebrae doe a typical person have? | 5 |
| What are normal variants of the number of lumbar vertebrae? | 4 or 6 |
| How many sacral vertebrae doe a typical person have? | 5 fused |
| How many coccygeal vertebrae doe a typical person have? | 3-5 |
| What is the inherent curvature of the lumbar spine? | Lordotic |
| What is the inherent curvature of the thoracic spine? | kyphotic |
| What is the inherent curvature of the sacral spine? | kyphotic |
| What are the two main parts of the thoracic or lumbar vertebrae | the vertebral body and the vertebral arch |
| What is the largest and heaviest portion of the lumbar vertebrae? | the vertebral body |
| What are the 11 components of the vertebral arch? | 2 pedicles; 2 laminae;1 spinous process;2 transverse processes; 2 inferior articular process; 2 superior articular process |
| What is the name of the opening created by the vertebral body and arch? | Vertebral foramen |
| What is the name for the succession of the vertebral foramen in the spinal column? | The vertebral canal |
| What structure forms the lateral walls of the vertebral foramen? | pedicles |
| The superior and inferior articular concave surfaces of successive pedicles in the spine form what spinal opening? | the intervertebral foramina |
| What structures are found in the vertebral foramina? | spinal nerves and vessels |
| What structure is found within the vertebral foramen? | the spinal cord |
| What forms the posteriolateral walls of the vertebral foramen? | Lamina |
| What vertebral arch structure comes together to form the spinous process? | lamina |
| What is the pathological condition where the lamina fail to unite posteriorly? | spina bifida |
| What is the function of the spinous process? | site of muscle attachment for the back |
| What is the unique identifier of the thoracic spinous process? | they are long and slender and project inferiorly over the vertebral arches of the vertebrae below. |
| What is the unique identifier of the lumbar spinous process? | they are shorter and wider; they are more horizontal in presentation |
| What structure is formed from the union of a superior articular process of one vertebrae and the inferior articular process of another vertebrae above it? | zygapophyseal joint |
| What ligament helps to prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column? | anterior longitudinal ligament |
| What ligament helps to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral column? | posterior longitudinal ligament |
| What ligament helps to preserve the normal curvature of the spine? | ligamentum flava |
| What vertebral arch structure does the ligamentum flava join together? | the lamina of adjacent vertebra |
| What is the function of the zygapophyseal joint? | to support and allow movement of the vertebral column |
| What is the name of the region located between the facet joints of the vertebrae? | pars interarticularis |
| What is the name of the pathology where there is a forward slipping of a vertebrae over the one beneath it? | spondylothesis |
| What are the shock absorbing cartilaginous structures in the cervical spine called? | intervertebral disc |
| What is the name for the concentric rings of fibrous tissues that forms the outside of the intervertebral disc? | annulus fibrosis |
| What is the name for the soft, semigelatinous material in the center of the intervertebral disc? | nucleus pulposus |
| What is the name of the condition where the soft center area of the intervertebral disc ruptures through the fibrous rings? | herniated nucleus pulposus |
| What set of nerve roots carry sensory signals? | posterior (dorsal) nerve roots |
| What set of nerve roots carry motor signals? | anterior (ventral) nerve roots |
| What is a graphical display of spinal nerve cutaneous sensations? | dermatome map |
| What is an intersecting network of nerves called? | nerve plexus |
| What structure located on the thoracic vertebral body and transverse process for articulation with ribs? | costal facets |
| What is the costovertebral joint? | where the head of the rib and the vertebral body articulate |
| What is the costotransverse joint? | where the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process articulate |
| Which is the largest of the lumbar vertebrae? | the 5th lumbar vertebrae |
| Which is the most commonly ruptured disc of the lumbar vertebrae? | L5-S1 |
| Where do sacral nerves and vessels pass through in the sacrum? | Sacral foramina |
| What is the most inferior portion of the vertebral column? | coccyx |
| What is the name for the end of the spinal cord? | conus medullaris |
| What is the name for the nerve roots that continue after the spinal cord has terminated? | cauda equina |
| What is the typical location of the termination of the spinal cord? | T12-L1 |
| What is the function of the brachial plexus? | C5-T1 |
| What are some of the largest nerve n the brachial plexus? | axial, median, and ulnar nerves |
| What is the function of the brachial plexus? | provide innervation for the muscles of the upper extremities and shoulders |
| What nerves comprise the lumbar nerve plexus? | T12- L1-L4 |
| What is the function of the lumbar plexus? | innervates the lower abdominal, pelvis region and thighs |
| What is the largest of the lumbar plexus nerves? | femoral nerve |
| What is the function of the sacral plexus? | L4-L5 to S1-S4 |
| What is the function of the sacral plexus? | to innervate the buttocks, posterior thighs and feet |
| What is the largest of the sacral plexus nerves? | sciatic nerve |
| What is the name of the pathology where the spinal disc is coming out of its normal space but the posterior longitudinal ligament is intact? | disc protrusion or bulge |
| What is the name of the pathology where the nucleolus pulpous squeezes out of its space through a torn annulus fibrosis? | disc extrusion or herniation |
| What is the name of the pathology where the nucleus pulposus separates from the disc into the spinal canal? | disc sequestration |
| What is the name of the pathology where the intervertebral disc loses hydration? | disc desiccation |
Created by:
jacook3
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