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Heart
CT/MR Heart and Great Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the tough fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and separates the heart from other mediastinal structures? | pericardium |
| What is the name of the fluid found between the two pericardial layers? | pericardial fluid |
| What is the name for the lining that covers the surface of the heart? | visceral pericardium |
| What is the purpose of pericardial fluid? | to reduce friction between the pericardial layers and allow for normal movement of the heart within the chest |
| Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the RT ventricle? | RT atrium |
| Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the LT ventricle? | LT atrium |
| Through which valve does the RT atrium pump blood into the RT ventricle? | Tricuspid valve |
| What classification of valve is the tricuspid valve? | Atrioventricular valve |
| Through which valve does the LT atrium pump blood into the LT ventricle? | Bicuspid or mitral valve |
| What classification of valve is the bicuspid valve? | atrioventricular valve |
| Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood? | Right |
| Which side of the hear carries oxygenated blood? | Left |
| Where does the RT ventricle pump blood to? | Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries |
| What type of blood does the pulmonary arteries carry? | deoxygenated blood |
| Through which valve does the RT ventricle pump blood into the pulmonary trunk? | pulmonary semilunar valve |
| Where does the pulmonary arteries do with the blood it receives from the RT venetricle? | sends it to the lungs for the exchange of gases |
| Through which vessels does oxygenated blood come back into the heart? | The four pulmonary veins |
| What type of blood does the pulmonary veins carry? | oxygenated blood |
| What chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs? | LT atrium |
| How many pulmonary veins does the heart have? | 4: RT inferior and superior; LT inferior and superior |
| Which is the most posterior chamber of the heart? | LT atrium |
| Where does the LT ventricle pump blood to? | To the aortic root and aortic arch |
| Through what vessels does the LT ventricle pump blood into the aortic root? | aortic semilunar valve |
| Which chamber of the heart has the most cardiac muscle? | LT ventricle |
| What are the names of the atrioventricular valves in the heart? | tricuspid and bicuspid |
| What are the names of the semilunar valves in the heart? | pulmonary & aortic semilunar |
| What valve is located at the junction of the LT ventricle and aortic root? | aortic semilunar valve |
| What valve is located at the junction of the LT atrium and ventricle? | bicuspid (mitral) valve |
| What valve is located at the junction of the RT ventricle and pulmonary root? | pulmonary semilunar valve |
| What valve is located at the junction of the RT atrium and ventricle? | tricuspid |
| What is the largest artery in the body? | aorta (ascending and descending) |
| What is the largest vein in the body? | vena cava (inferior and superior) |
| At what landmark does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate into the RT and LT pulmonary arteries? | level of the sternal angle (T4/T5) |
| At what thoracic level is the top of the aortic arch? | T3 |
| What two vessels come together to make the SVC? | RT and LT brachiocephalic veins |
| Name the three branches of the aorta in order? | RT Brachiocephalic trunk artery, LT common carotid artery, Lt subclavian artery |
| Where does the SVC drain blood from? | the upper trunk (head, neck and upper extremities) |
| Where does the IVC drain blood from? | the lower truck and legs |
| What system provides collateral circulation between the inferior and superior vena cava? | the azygos system |
| Where does the azygos system drain blood from? | the posterior thoracic wall, bronchi, pericardium, and esophagus |
| What are the two vessels of the azygos system? | azygos vein and hemiazygos vein |
| Where is the location of the azygos vein? | ascends along the RT side of the vertebral column (to the top of the vertebral body) |
| Where is the location of the hemiazygos vein? | ascends along the LT side of the vertebral column |
| When is MR good for imaging of the chest? | breast, heart, great vessels, and thoracic spine |
| What is CT superior for when imaging the chest? | the lungs and mediastinum |
| What cardiac view is obtained by orientating a slice parallel to the interventricular septum through the LT atrium and ventricle? | Vertical long axis (VLA) |
| What does the VLA view evaluate? | the anterior and inferior walls and apex of the LT ventricle |
| What cardiac view is obtained by angling a slice to bisect the LT atrium and ventricle and bicuspid valve? | the horizontal long axis view (HLA) |
| What cardiac view demonstrates the 4 chambers of the heart? | HLA |
| What cardiac view is obtained by prescribing a slice perpendicular to the long axis of the RT and LT ventricles (or perpendicular to the interventricular septum? | Short Axis (SA) |
| What view shows a cross section of the RT and LT ventricles? | SA view |
| What does the SA view evaluate? | Useful in evaluating the volume of the ventricles |
Created by:
jacook3
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