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History Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who became the president after the controversial election of 1824? | John Quincy Adams |
| In 1828 many South Carolinians threatened to secede from the Union when Congress levied what critics called the ___. | Tariffs of Abomination |
| Nullification promotes the idea of ___ | state's right to ignore federal law |
| Why were the Cherokee considered to be a "civilized" Native American tribe? | they had assimilated into white culture |
| Which group was forcible relocared by means of the "Trail of Tears"? | the "Five Civilized Tribes" (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) |
| The largest group in the wave of immigrants that swept into the United States between 1815 and 1860 came from ___. | primarily Ireland, as well as Germany |
| Who organized the Seneca Falls Convention, which marked the beginning of an organized women's movement? | Elizabeth Cady Staton & Lucretia Mott |
| The temperence movement recognized ___. | societies problems as being caused by alcohol |
| What did the aboliton movement promote? | the abolition of slavery |
| __ prevented Congress from hearing abolitionist petitions to end slavery. | Gag rule |
| Which abolitionist once said that to the American s;ave the Fourth of July is "a day that reveals to him...the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim"? | Frederick Douglas |
| The idea that America had a God-given right to expanf across the continent was expressed by the phrase ___. | manifest destiny |
| Under Mexican rule the main appeal Texas held for American settlers was ___. | cheap land |
| What were squatters? | people who settled land without buying it |
| The Preemption Act of 1830 gave what benefit to squatters? | allowed them to buy their land for cheap |
| Which event leads to the U.S. declaring war on Mexico? | the Mexican attack at Palo Alto |
| The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided for ___. | land from Mexico |
| The Gadsden Purchase ___ | bought land from Mexico |
| How did the results of the Mexican War increase sectional tensions in the United States? | led to a debate over whether territories would allow slavery or not |
| What was the Wilmot Proviso? | a failed amendment to make all land from Mexico free territory |
| What is popular sovereignty? | allows citizens of a territory to vote on political decisions (most often slavery) |
| How did the Compromise of 1850 help calm the debate over slavery? | it gave benefits to both sides |
| Why did the Compromise fo 1850 appeal to Southerners? | it strengthened fugitive slave laws in the form of the Fugitive Slave Act |
| What was the unintended result of the Fugitive Slave Act? | it made Northerners angry |
| What was the Underground Railroad? | a series of passages used to aid slaves to freedom |
| What happened when Kansas voted on whether or not to allow slavery? | fights between supporters on both sides, also called Bleeding Kansas |
| A free person of color could be falsely taken into custody under the terms of the ___. | Fugitive Slave Act |
| After the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, Northerners headed for Kansas because ___. | they could vote on the issue of slavery |
| The Dred Scott case led to ___ | the decision that African American were not citizens, and the end of the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| In the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford, what was Scott's claim? | that he was a free man |
| What about Chief Justice Roger Taney's opinion in the Dred Scott case enraged many Northerners? | the opinion that Black people had no legal rights |
| In In 1859, what fervent abolitionist attacked the arsenal at Harper's Ferry? | John Brown |
| What did the raiders on Harper's fairy hope to accomplish? | incite a slave rebellion |
| Why did the Southern states secede when Abraham Lincoln was elected president? | they feared Lincoln would end slavery |
| The first state to secede from the Union was ___. | South Carolina |
| In February 1861, the seceding states declared themselves to be an independent country known as ___. | the Confederate States of America |
| Whom did the Southern states elect to be president of their new country? | Jefferson Davis |
| What decision did Jefferson Davis make that triggered the beginning of the Cvil War? | to attack Fort Sumter |
| What happened in Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee after the fall of Fort Sumter? | the states seceded |
| Why did Abraham Lincoln win the 1860 election? | the democrat party had split |
| In order to raise funds to finance the war, the South initially began to ___. | charge taxes and tariffs |
| What advantage did the South have over the North as the Civil War began? | only had to defend land & military tradition |
| In order to recruit soldiers for the army, the North passed a law requiring states to ___. | conscript soldiers (conscription) |
| In order to prevent people from supporting the Confederacy or resisting the draft, President Lincoln did which of the following? | suspended Habeas Corpus |
| What about the Confederate constitution made Jefferson Davis's attempts to conduct the war difficult? | it emphasized state's rights |
| What effect did the invention of conoidal bullets (minie ball) have on the war? | caused more fatalities |
| What was the Union's Anaconda Plan | a plan to surround and strangle the Confederacy |
| The ability of one side of a war to wear down the other side through the loss of soldiers and resources is called ___. | attrition |
| Lacking sufficient money from taxes or bonds, the Confederacy was forced to print paper money to pay its bills, causing rapid ___. | inflation |
| When the Civil War began, what was Abraham Lincoln's main goal? | to preserve the Union |
| Who was Clara Barton? | a Civil War nurse who formed the Red Cross |
| What was the stated aim of the Emancipation Proclamation? | set slaves free in the South |
| Grant and Sherman's strategy of total war targeted not only the Confederate army but also ___. | citizens |
| Why was it necessary to pass the Thirteenth Amendment after the Emancipation Proclamation had been issued? | it freed slaves everywhere |
| How did President Lincoln plan to cut off the South's trade with Europe? | by installing a blockade |
| Why was the occupation of New Orleans a significant win for the Union? | it limited the southern cotton trade |
| After the Battle of Antietam, General Lee ___. | retreated back to the South |
| In 1863 food shortages in the South led to ___. | riots |
| How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the Union army? | Black people became soldiers |
| In the Civil War, women made huge contributions serving as ___. | nurses |
| Why did Lincoln promote Ulysses S. Grant to general in chief of the Union Army? | he had won many battles |
| What effect did Sherman's march to the sea have on the Confederacy? | it crushed the will of the South |
| Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant? | Appomattox Courthouse |
| What occured in Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865? | President Lincoln was assassinated |
| The Battle of ___ marked the turning point of the Civil War. With more than 50,000 estimated casualties, the three-day engagement was the bloodiest single battle of the conflict. The Confederate Army lost this battle after the failure of Pickett's Charge. | Gettysburg |
| The Battle of ___ marked the official beginning of the American Civil War. This Confederate victory was due to Union major Robert Anderson surrendering from exhaustion and outnumbered troops. After, both the North and South called for volunteers for war. | Fort Sumter |
| The Battle of ___ on July 18, 1863, was an unsuccessful assault by the 54th Massachusetts, an African American infantry. This battle was a Confederate victory, but showed the fierce determinations of African Americans in the army with the 54th's bravery. | Fort Wagner |
| The Battle of ___, the deadliest one-day battle in American history, showed that the Union could defeat the Confederates. It also gave President Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation at a moment of strength instead of desperation. | Antietam |
| Ulysses S. Grant's assault on Robert E. Lee's armies at ___ failed to capture the Confederacy's vital supply center and resulted in the longest siege in American warfare. Grant sieged the city for 292 days which ultimately cost the South the war. | Petersburg |
| ___ was a campaign that concluded Union operations in the Confederate state of Georgia. After seizing Atlanta, the Union Maj. Gen. embarked on a scorched-earth campaign to cripple the South's war-making capacity and wound the Confederate psyche. | Sherman's March to the Sea |
| The effort to rebuild the South after the Civil War is referred to as ___. | Reconstruction |
| What gains did African Americans make with the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment? | the right to vote |
| What organization was founded by former Confederate soldiers for the purpose of imtimidating African Americans in the South? | the Ku Klux Klan |
| What was the overall purpose of black codes passed by the new Southern legislatures? | to limit African Americans' rights |
| What effect did the end of Reconstruction have on African Americans? | it left them in poverty |
| How did Radical Reconstruction affect African Americans' lives? | it gave them more rights |
| During the 1870s, to help former slaves, Reconstruction governments in the South built a comprehensive public ___. | school system |
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shmonge1
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