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Phlebotomy
Final Exam Practice
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the primary purpose of collecting blood specimens in clinical laboratory practice? A) To provide snacks for laboratory staff B) To analyze and diagnose medical conditions C) To create art projects D) To perform non-clinical research | B) To analyze and diagnose medical conditions |
Who is typically the primary liaison between the patient and the laboratory during the blood specimen collection process? A) Hospital administrator B) Clinical laboratory scientist C) Phlebotomist D) Medical records clerk | C) Phlebotomist |
What has been the impact of the expanded role of blood specimen collection on healthcare? A) Decreased the need for clinical laboratories C) Improved accuracy and efficiency in diagnostic processes D) Increased the cost of healthcare significantly | C) Improved accuracy and efficiency in diagnostic processes |
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a phlebotomist? A) Analyzing blood samples and providing diagnosis B) Proper labeling and handling of specimens C) Maintaining patient safety during the procedure | A) Analyzing blood samples and providing diagnosis |
What does Phlebo mean? | Vein |
What does -tomy mean? | incision |
What the two methods used for blood specimen collection? | Venipuncture Capillary Puncture |
How is a venipuncture carried out? | Venipuncture: blood collection via a needle inserted in a vein |
How is a capillary puncture carried out? | Capillary puncture: blood collection via a lancet puncture of the skin |
What regulation must phlebotomists observe to maintain patient confidentiality? A) OSHA B) HIPAA C) FDA D) CDC | B) HIPAA |
What is one of the most important steps a phlebotomist must take before collecting a blood specimen? A) Clean the laboratory equipment B) Identify the patient correctly C) Call the patient's family D) Arrange the specimen containers | B) Identify the patient correctly |
Which method is used by phlebotomists to collect blood for specified tests? A) Only venipuncture B) Only dermal puncture C) Both venipuncture and dermal puncture D) Neither venipuncture nor dermal puncture | C) Both venipuncture and dermal puncture |
Why is the selection of appropriate specimen containers important in phlebotomy? A) To ensure compatibility with specified tests B) To store specimens for long periods C) To increase the volume of blood collected | A) To ensure compatibility with specified tests |
What information must be included when labeling specimens? A) Only the patient's name B) Only the date and time C) patient's name, patients date of birth, date of draw, time of draw, my initials, D) The phlebotomist's favorite color | C) patient's name, patients date of birth, date of draw, time of draw, my initials, |
Cardiac Catheterization | Treats patients with cardiovascular diseases by inserting devices into bloodstream |
Nuclear Medicine | Uses radioisotopes to perform tests and treat diseases Radioisotopes are used as tracers that are injected into the patient’s bloodstream and tracked to reveal the structure and function of internal organs |
Occupational Therapy | This service assesses patients and designs adaptive aids or compensatory strategies to help perform tasks of daily living |
Physical Therapy | This service assesses patients before and after treatment The physical therapist must design a program or other treatments to aid in patient rehabilitation |
Radiation Therapy | Uses x-rays or other high-energy radiation sources to destroy tumors |
Radiology or Medical Imaging | Interprets a range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using various forms of radiant energy |
What does the Blood bank or immunohematology dept do with test tubes? | - Deals with blood used for transfusions -Components of blood include: Packed cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitates |
What does the Chemistry department do with test tubes? | Perform tests on chemical components of blood - Toxicology: Analyze plasma for drugs and poison - Immunochemistry: Use antibodies to detect range of substances in blood - Electrophoresis: Separates chemical components based on electrical charge |
What does the Coagulation and Hemostasis department do with test tubes? | Coagulation tests performed on plasma Contain anticoagulant citrate Tests for anticoagulant therapies in a patient who has had a thrombotic stroke, heart attack, or thrombophlebitis Drugs to prevent formation of clots help avoid recurrence of stroke |
What does the Hematology department do with test tubes? | - This section analyzes blood for diseases affecting the blood-forming tissues and cells produced by those tissues Examples: Anemia and leukemia - Flow cytometry: Identifies cellular markers on white blood cells (WBCs) |
What does the Microbiology department do with test tubes? | - This section isolates and identifies pathogenic microorganisms in patient samples - Most common tests are culture and sensitivity (C&S) tests - Microbiology includes bacteriology, parasitology, and virology |
What does the Serology or Immunology department do with test tubes? | - This section evaluates a patient’s immune system through detection of antibodies - Antibodies formed in response to bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses Common tests Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody HBV (hepatitis B virus antibody) |
What does the Urinalysis and Clinical Microscopy department do with test tubes? | - Urine is examined to assess kidney disease and metabolic disorders that alter levels of substances - Feces tested for blood Urine sediment is examined microscopically for parasites |
Parts of a word - Root word | Main part of a word Exp: Cubit, meaning “elbow" |
Parts of a word - Prefix | The beginning or part of a word EXP: Ante: "forward of" or "Before" |
Parts of a word - Suffix | Part at the end EXP: al, meaning “pertaining to” Word: antecubital, meaning “area before elbow” |
Root word - Arterio meaning? | Artery EXP: Arteriosclerosis |
Root word -derm meaning? | skin EXP: Dermal puncture |
Root word -heme meaning? | blood EXP: Hematology |
Root word - hepato meaning? | liver EXP: Hepatitis |
Root word - nephr meaning? | Kidney EXP: Nephron |
Root word - Osteo meaning? | Bone EXP: Osteoma |
Root word - aer meaning? | Air EXP:Airobic |
Prefix - a-,an- meaning? | Without EXP: Anemia |
Prefix - ante meaning | Before EXP: Antecubital |
Prefix - anti meaning | Against EXP: Anti coagulant |
Prefix - brandy meaning | Slow Exp: Brandycardia |
Prefix - inter meaning | Between Exp: interstitial |
Prefix - peri meaning | Around Exp: Pericardium |
Prefix -post meaning | After Exp: Postprandial |
Suffix -emia meaning | Blood condition Exp: Anemia |
Suffix - itis meaning | inflammation Exp: Arthritis |
Suffix -oma meaning | Tumor, growth Exp: Hematoma |
Suffix - stasis meaning | Stopping, control EXP: Hemostasis |
Suffix -stomy meaning | opening Exp: colostomy |
What is sepsis? | Microorganisms or their toxins in the blood |
What Needle gauge is regularly used for venipuncture? | 21 - 23 gauge |
What needle gauge is commonly used for blood donations | 16 gauge needles |
What is OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
What is the plasma in a specimen collection? | Plasma is the fluid portion of blood including fibrinogen and other clotting factors |
Why is whole blood mixed with an anticoagulant for hematology cell counts? A) To enhance oxygenation B) To prevent clotting C) To increase viscosity D) To improve pH balance | B) To prevent clotting |
Which of the following statements about serum is true? A) It contains clotting factors B) It is the same as plasma C) It is used for coagulation tests D) It does not clot | D) It does not have clotting factors |
What is plasma in blood composed of? A) Only red blood cells B) White blood cells and platelets C) Fibrinogen and other clotting factors D) Water and electrolytes | Answer: C) Fibrinogen and other clotting factors |
What is Serum not composed of? | Fibrinogen and other clotting factors |
What is a anticoagulant? | - Substances that prevent blood from clotting Exp:EDTA, Citrate, Oxalate |
What do fasting specimens have to do? | No eating or drinking (except water) |
What kind of blood does dermal puncture collect? | it obtains capillary blood specimens |
MAximum heel stick lengths | 2..0 mm |
Reference intervals | - Tests confirm health or screen, diagnose, & monitor disease - Test results are compared with specimens of healthy people - Consist of range of values with high & low limits Most often based on healthy, fasting people |