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Cardiac / diuretics
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of heparin, lovenox, coumadin and other anticoagulant medications? | To inhibits the formation of additional clots. |
| Why should patients not take an ACE inhibitor with digoxin? What does ACE inhibitors end in? | Because they can cause dig toxicity. They are known as the "pril" medications |
| Why should patients avoid alcohol while taking hypertensive medications? | Alcohol can increase the hypotensive state. Because the medications already lowers the pt blood pressure, alcohol can relax the pt and lower it even more |
| What are some side effects of calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem? | Peripherial edema and bradycardia (peripheral edema swelling caused by the retention of fluid in legs, ankles, feet) |
| What does alteplase do? | It is a thrombolytic and helps to dissolve blood clots. |
| What are some examples or loop diuretics? | Lasix, bumex, and toresmide. They end in "mide." |
| What are some foods that are high in potassium that should be avoided while taking a potassium sparing diuretics? | Bananas, orange juice, raisins, prunes, green leafy veggies |
| What is the purpose of ACE inhibitor medications? | Inhibits the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. |
| When taking the medication cholestyramine (Prevalite/Questran) the nurse should include what in the teaching? | Take medication one hour before meals. |
| The nurse should monitor what signs and symptoms in patients taking beta blockers? | Heart rate, blood pressure. |
| Indications for the nurse to administer heparin include what? | Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, prevention and treatment of pulmonary emboli, treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization. |
| What is the purpose of the "statin" medications for cholesterol? | Inhibit the production of cholesterol. |
| What is the antidote for coumadin? | Vitamin K |
| The borderline hypertensive patient should take what actions? | Decrease salt intake and lose weight. |
| The patient is taking an ACE inhibitor and aldactone. What should the nurse monitor for? | Hyperkalemia- (high potassium) |
| What drug classification will treat hypertension and myocardial oxygen consumption? | Calcium channel blockers |
| The nurse understands that the patient receiving nitroprusside (Nipride) drip should receive the medication over what time frame. | The max dose should be given over 10 minutes. |
| Why are Asians started on a lower dose of beta blockers? | takes longer for their body to metabolize and excrete the medication. |
| What is the purpose of antianginal drug therapy? | |
| The nurse will teach a patient who will be taking nitroglycerin about which common adverse effect of this drug? | Headache |
| For a patient using transdermal nitroglycerin patches, the nurse knows that the prescriber will order which procedure for preventing tolerance | Remove the patch at night for 8 hours, and then apply a new patch in the morning. |
| Patients who are taking beta blockers for angina need to be taught which information? | drugs are for long-term prevention of angina episodes |
| The nurse would recognize which of the following symptoms as descriptive of a side effect of nitrates? | Reflex tachycardia; - (cardiac arrhythmia that occurs when the heart beats faster in response to a decrease in BP or BF) |
| A patient with coronary artery spasms will be most effectively treated with which type of antianginal medication? | Calcium channel blockers |
| During his morning walk, a man begins to experience chest pain. He sits down and takes one nitroglycerin sublingual tablet. After 5 minutes, the chest pain is worsening. What action would be the priority in this situation? | Call 911 |
| The nurse is preparing for administration of a nitrate to a patient. After reviewing the patient’s current medications, the nurse holds the nitrate and contacts the provider. Which medications concerned the nurse? | Sildenafil, Lisinopril |
| As part of treatment for early heart failure, a patient is started on an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse will monitor the patient’s laboratory work for which potential effect? | Hyperkalemia |
| Before giving oral digoxin, the nurse discovers that the patient’s radial pulse is 52 beats/min when assessed apically for 1 minute. What will be the nurse’s next action? | Hold the dose and notify the physician |
| Which statement regarding digoxin therapy and potassium levels is correct? | Low potassium levels increase the chance of digoxin toxicity |
| When infusing milrinone, the nurse will keep which consideration in mind? | monitor patient’s cardiac status closely |
| The nurse would identify the most serious side effect of milrinone as | cardiac dysrhythmias |
| When caring for a patient who is taking digoxin, the nurse will monitor for which signs and symptoms of toxicity? | Anorexia, Visual changes, Nausea and vomiting, Headache, Bradycardia |
| A patient who has heart failure will be started on an oral ACE inhibitor. While monitoring the patient’s response to this drug therapy, which laboratory tests would be a priority? | Creatinine level, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum potassium level |
| Which of these is a potential adverse effect of an ACE Inhibitor? | Decreased renal function |
| The nurse is preparing to administer ivabradine. The patient is preparing to eat a meal. Which of these foods may cause an interaction with this medication? | Grapefruit juice |
| A 46-year-old man has been taking clonidine for 5 months. For the past 2 months, his blood pressure has been normal. During this office visit, he tells the nurse that he would like to stop taking the drug. What is the nurse’s best response? | “This drug should not be stopped suddenly; let’s talk to your doctor.” |
| When administering angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the nurse keeps in mind that which are possible adverse effects? | Headaches, dry cough, Fatigue |
| A patient is being treated for a hypertensive emergency. The nurse expects which drug to be used? | Sodium nitroprusside |
| A beta1 blocker is prescribed for a patient with heart failure and hypertension. Which adverse effects, if present, may indicate a serious problem is develop-ing while the patient is taking this medication? | Edema, Shortness of breath |
| The prescriber has chosen the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan to treat the patient’s hypertension. Which drug on the patient’s current drug list would most concern the nurse? | Ibuprofen |
| Given the nurse’s knowledge of the side effects of alpha blockers, which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient with a new order for an alpha blocker to treat hypertension? | Change positions slowly |
| Which finding in the patient taking lisinopril would be an indication to discontinue the drug immediately and avoid taking it in the future? | Angioedema |
| The nurse is reviewing the use of anticoagulants. Anticoagulant therapy is appropriate for which conditions? | Atrial fibrillation, Myocardial infarction, Presence of mechanical heart valve |
| A patient is at risk for a stroke. Which drug is recommended to prevent platelet aggregation for stroke prevention by the American Stroke Society | Aspirin |
| When administering subcutaneous heparin, the nurse will remember to perform which action? | Inject the medication without aspirating for blood return |
| During thrombolytic therapy, the nurse monitors for bleeding. Which symptoms may indicate a serious bleeding problem? | Hypotension, Decreased level of consciousness, Increased pulse rate, Restlessness |
| Which drug is most often used for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major orthopedic surgery, even after the patient has gone home? | enoxaparin |
| Patients taking cholestyramine may experience which adverse effects? | Belching and bloating |
| The nurse will instruct the patient who is taking antilipemic drugs about which dietary measures? | Increase fluid intake, eat foods lower in cholesterol and saturated fats, eat more raw vegetables, fruit, bran |
| In reviewing the history of a newly admitted cardiac patient, the nurse knows that the patient would have a contraindication to antilipemic therapy if which condition is present? | Phenylketonuria |
| A patient who has started taking niacin complains that he “hates the side effects.” Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? | take a small dose of ibuprofen 30 minutes before taking niacin |
| A patient asks, “What is considered the ‘good cholesterol’?” How will the nurse answer? | HDL |
| Which are indications for the use of diuretics? | treat open-angle glaucoma, edema associated with heart failure, hypertension, increase urine output |
| When providing patient teaching to a patient who is taking a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone, the nurse will include which dietary guidelines? | avoid excessive intake of foods high in potassium |
| When teaching a patient about diuretic therapy, which would the nurse indicate as the best time of day to take these medications? | Morning |
| The greatest volume of diuresis is produced by which class of diuretics? | Loop |
| A patient has a new order for daily doses of spironolactone. Which conditions, if present, may be a contraindication to this drug therapy? | Renal failure, Hyperkalemia |
| Anti-HTN drug classes ABCD mnemonic | Ace inhibitors Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Diuretics |
| Ace inhibitors | ends in "pril" Captopril, Enalapril, Benzapril |
| B blockers | ends in "olol" Prorpanol, Atenolol, Metoprolol |
| Calcium channel blockers | Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine |
| B |
Created by:
snmartin
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