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Applied Phonetics

First Quiz Friday August 30th 2024

What is phonetics? The study and production of speech sounds. Spelling doesn't indicate sound. EX: C= cow, circle,
What is IPA IPA is the International Phonetic Alphabet.
What are the 4 tiers to linguistic complexity? Isolation, word, sentence, and conversation.
Give me an example of isolation in linguistic complecity. /k/ is the c in cow. and is the easiest to transcribe.
Give me an example of word in linguistic complexity. Cow.
Give me an example of sentence in linguistic complexity. I see a cow.
Give me an example of conversation in linguistic complexity. Did you see that cow? It has a spot shaped like a circle.
What is response complexity? One specific sound like c in cat, p in sleep or s in sink. Or it can be multiple sounds in each word like the c and t in cat. Multiple sound in multiple positions like truck. tr and k.
What is system complexity? Refers to the system you are using to assess and manage speech sound production.
What is 2-way scoring? The easiest way to score. There is correct and incorrect options. It is socially acceptable versus unacceptable.
Which way of scoring is used in screenings or evaluations? 2-way scoring.
What is 5-way scoring? Describes speech sound production as correct or with reference to the kind of error that is being made.
What are the 5-way scoring types? Correction, deletion, substitution, distortion, and addition. All are incorrect, except for correction.
What is deletion in 5-way scoring? A sound is deleted altogether. EX: when a child says up instead of cup.
What is substitution in 5-way scoring? One sound is replaced by another. EX: Cow is pronounced as tow.
What is distortion in 5-way scoring? One sound is produced that is not quite correct. EX: A child saying buck instead of truck.
What is addition in 5-way scoring? When a sound is added to the speech production of a word. EX: When a child says buh-loo instead of blue.
What is transcription? To describe what the child says rather than score or judge.
Does transcription require the use of IPA? Yes.
What is broad transcription? Very general.
What is narrow transcription? More details and includes diacritics.
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
How many languages are there? Over 7,000.
What is language? A socially shared code that uses arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of symbols to represent ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
How is language transmitted? Through written, manual, signed and oral transmission.
What is grammar? Rules that govern how units of language can be combined to create meaningful and novel utterances.
What is speech? Physical behavior that encompasses patterns of movement of the speech structures and patterns of acoustic vibration that these movements generate.
What are articulatory features? Actions of the speech musculature.
What are acoustic features? Description of the sound heard.
What is sign language? Manual comunication.
What is lipreading? The articulatory and acoustic features of speech can be decoupled or interpreted separately from one another.
What is a speech community? A group of people who live in the same area and use the same language. EX: Look at variations chart in notebook.
What is dialect? The usage patterns within a language. It is easier to identify in speech than in writing.
What are regional dialects? Characteristics of people who live in a geographic area.
What leads to the recognition of distinct languages? Pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar structure variatability.
Are dialects considered an error? No, they neither right or wrong. EX: bag versus beg or pull versus pool.
What is idiolect? Idiolect is an individuals unique form of spoken language.
What is idiolect influenced by? Regional background, cultural background, social class, and individual experiences.
What is a morpheme? The smallest element of a language that carries a semantic interpretation or word meaning. EX: ing, ed, s, walk, dog.
What is morphology? The study of morphemes.
What is morphemic transcription? Involves transcription of morphemic content of an utterance.
What are morphemes valuable for? Language analysis and Brown's morphemes (normal speech and language development).
What are free morphemes? They carry a specific meaning when they appear alone. EX: bright, rest, teach, happy.
What are bound morphemes? Must be attached to another morpheme to carry a meaning. EX: un-happy.
What are the three most common bound morphemes? Affix (attached to a free morpheme), suffix and prefix.
What are derivational affixes? change the word class or meaning of a free morpheme. EX: un-happy.
What are inflectional affixes? Don't change the meaning or word class of a free morpheme (tenses). EX: fasting changes to fasted.
What is lexicon? Meaning you acquire when you learn a language. Nuances of vocabulary and language. EX: I drew this picture.
What are phones? Speech sound segments. They can be phonemes or allophones. EX: The clicking in Xhosa.
What are phenomes? Basic sound segments that can signal a distinct difference in meaning. EX: cat, bat, rat.
Give examples of how phonemes can also appear. As minimal pairs. Morphemes that differ in only one segment. EX: cap and cat.
What are allophones? Phonemes can have slightly different phones that can be used in their place without changing the meaning. EX: mop: whether or not you use the popping noise when you say it or not.
What is morphemic transcription? Identification of meaningful units. EX: cats-cat+s
What is phonemic transcription? Identification of sound segments that have linguistic significance in the speaker's language. Step 2.
What is phonetic transcription? Identification of allophonic variations in a speaker's pattern of sounds.
What is orthography? Conventional written spelling. EX: color versus colour.
What is an allograph? Different letters or letter combinations that represent the same phenome. EX: anxious and sheep.
Tell me about the IPA. It originally came out in the 1800's and has over 100 symbols. Includes vowels, diatrics, and consonants.
What are diacritic marks? Special marks that indicate modification of a sound.
What is phonology? The study of systematic organization of sounds in languages . Rules for sounds.
What is articulatory phonetics? Study of how phonemes are formed by the movement of speech structures.
What is acoustic phonetics? Study of physical properties of sounds as they are transmitted and encoded.
What is a syllable? Brings together a collection of sounds to units.
How can the structure of a syllable be described? With C's (consonants) and V's (vowels). They are larger than a phenome but not a complete word.
Open syllable SEE is CV structure.
Closed syllable SEAT is CVC structure.
What is a syllable made of? An onset, nucleus and coda.
What is an onset syllable? Consonant.
What is a coda of a syllable? Consonant.
What is the nucleus of a syllable? The middle of a syllable.
What are monosyllabic syllables? One syllable. EX: fly.
What are disyllabic syllables? Two syllables. EX: butter.
What are polysyllabic syllables? Three or more syllables. EX: butterfly.
What is broad transcription? Using IPA to indicate how speech is produced.
What is narrow transcription? More detail and the use of smaller symbols to show how a sound is produced.
Created by: ldunlap4
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