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Psychology 101

Chapter 3: Statistics and Correlations

TermDefinition
statistics summarizing and interpreting the data
mean the arithmetic average of a set of scores
Mode the most frequently occurring score in a set of scores
median the middle point is an ordered set of scores
variability a measure of how much the scores in a distribution differs from one another
standard deviation an indication of how much individual scores differ or vary from the mean
descriptive statistics mathematical techniques that help researchers describe data
inferential statistics mathematical techniques that help researchers decide whether data are representative of a population or difference among observations can be attributed to chance
correlation research used to determine whether a relationship exists between 2 variables
correlation coefficient value that represents the strength and direction between 2 factors
positive correlation as the value of 1 factor increase, it can predict that the other value will also increase
negative correlation as the value of one factor increase, the value of the other will decrease
No relationship correlation of 0 between 2 factors
experimental research/independent variable a technique in which the investigator actively manipulates the environment to observe its effect on behavior
confounding variable an uncontrolled variable that changes along with the independent variable
internal validity the extent to which an experiment has effectively controlled for confounding variables; allows to determine causality
random assignment a technique ensuring that each participant in an experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions in the experiment
single blind study experimental participants do not know to which condition they have been assigned (experiment vs control); used to control participant expectancy
double blind study neither participants nor research observers are aware of whose assigned to both groups; both groups controlled
replicability whether the results of study can be repeated with a separate sample of under slightly different conditions
informed consent principle that before consenting to participate, people should be fully informed about all factors that could potentially affect their decision to participate
debriefing at the conclusion of an experimental session, the participants are told the general purpose of the experiment including deception
confidentiality the principle that personal information obtained from a participant in research/therapy shouldn't be revealed until permission from individual
Created by: madisonboschert
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