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Ch. 4 Key Terms
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Airborne Infection Isolation Precautions | Precautions that are used with patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet Nuclei. |
| Airborne Transmission | The spread of infection either by airborne droplet Nuclei or by dust particles that contain microorganisms. |
| Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs) | Infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed (unpreserved) tissues as defined in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. |
| Chain of Infection | The continuous link among the infection source, the means of transmission, and the susceptible host. |
| Common Vehicle Transmission | Transmission by means of contaminated items, such as food, water, medications, devices, and equipment. |
| Contact Precautions | Precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses that are easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment. |
| Contact Transmission | The most frequent and important transmission route for HAIs. The transfer of microorganisms from an infected or colonized person to a susceptible host by body surface-to-body surface contact or through contact with a contaminated object. |
| Droplet Nuclei | Particles smaller than 5 micrometers that can remain suspended in the air for long periods. |
| Droplet Precautions | Precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets. |
| Droplet Transmission | The spread of infection through airborne droplets. |
| Exposure Control Plan | A comprehensive document outlining all procedures and policies for preventing the spread of infection. |
| Fomite | A contaminated object. |
| Healthcare-Associated Infection | An infection contracted by a patient during a hospital stay. |
| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | A virus that causes the liver disease hepatitis B; spreads through contact with human blood or body fluids. |
| High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) | A type of air filter. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | A causative agent for acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| Infection | Invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease. |
| Isolation | Separation of an infection source from susceptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection. |
| Micrometer | Unit of measure equal to one millionth of a meter; a caliper for making precise measurements that has a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw. |
| Nosocomial Infection | Infection acquired during a hospital stay. |
| Opportunistic Microorganism | A resident floral microorganism that causes infection under certain conditions, such as break in the skin. |
| Pathogen | Infectious organism. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Fluid-resistant gowns, masks, respirators, face shields, shoe covers, and gloves. |
| Protective Environment (PE) | Isolation of immunocompromised patients to prevent exposing them to infection. |
| Reservoir | Person carrying an infectious agent without being sick. |
| Resident Flora | Microorganisms that exist on or in the body that normally do not cause illness. |
| Sepsis | Bacterial infection. |
| Standard Precautions | Infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, other body fluids, and tissues from other people. |
| Transmission-Based Precautions | Precautions used for patients known to be or suspected of being infected with a highly transmissible pathogen. |
| Vectors | Carrier of disease. |
Created by:
kinsley.sickels
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