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SSD
Speech Sound Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 criteria of a Speech Sound Disorder? | 1. Must present in childhood 2. Must NOT be the result of trauma 3. Family/guardian must consider the issue in need of intervention/services |
| What disorder affects around 10%-15% of children? | Speech Sound Disorders |
| T or F Speech errors if not corrected through therapy by a trained clinician will typically resolve on their own. | False. Only 1/5 children with a SSD can self correct speech/language production issues. Without intervention, children face significant educational and social difficulties throughout their life. |
| Functional or Idiopathic SSDs are comprised of what areas? | Articulation and Phonology *Think neuro developmental* |
| Organic SSDs are comprised of what areas? | Motor/Neurological (Execution-Dysarthria & Planning-Apraxia) Structural (cleft palate/other orofacial abnormalities) Structural (deficits due to trauma or surgery) Sensory perceptual (deafness/HH) |
| Persons with a/an ___________________________ disorder have difficulty with physically producing speech. | Articulation |
| Persons with a/an __________________________ disorder have knowledge based difficulties with language rules. | Phonological |
| ðə bɑnˈsaɪ bɑr ˈoʊpənz æt θri təˈmɑˌroʊ. | The Bonsi Bar opens at 3 tomorrow |
| Dont meɪk mi juz maɪ mɑm vɔɪs! | Don't make me use my mom voice! |
| ðeɪ ɑr ˈsɜrvɪŋ ˈʧɪkən ˈnʌɡəts æt ʧɜrʧ | They are serving chicken nuggets at church. |
| Transcribe: Wow! You look amazing! | waʊ! ju lʊk əˈmeɪzɪŋ! |
| Transcribe: Try not to think too much about it. | traɪ nɑt tu θɪŋk tu mʌʧ əˈbaʊt ɪt |
| Vowels can be... | High/low, front/back, tense/lax, rounded/unrounded |
| Consonants are described with... | Place, manner and voicing |
| Shriberg's 1993 Early sounds include: (8) | /m,b,j,n,w,d,p,h/ |
| Shriberg's 1993 Middle sounds include: (8) | /t,ŋ,k,g,f,v,ʧ,ʤ/ |
| Shriberg's 1993 Late sounds include: aka also known as the late 8 : | /ʃ, θ, s, z, ð, l ,r, +/ |
| What are the 4 phonological awareness skills? | syllable blending/segmentation onset identification rhyming phoneme blending/segmentation |
| What are the 3 types of phonological patterns? (errors) | Assimilations, Substitutions, Syllable structures |
| What is the typical sequence of speech sound acquisition? (From words to speech) (Mastery of speech and literacy) (Development of the structure and function of the oral mechanism) (Growth of the inventory) | Phase 1-development of the structure and function of the oral mechanism Phase 2- child moves from words to speech Phase 3-growth of the inventory (lexicon) Phase 4- mastery of speech and literacy |
| What does onset refer to? | The onset is the initial consonant sound, blend, or digraph, and the rime is the following vowel and all subsequent sounds in the syllable. Understanding onset and rime is fundamental in phonological awareness. |
| Progressive Assimilation _______________________> | When early sounds in a word affect the later sounds in a word. EX: back becomes bag |
| Regressive Assimilation <-------------------------------------------- | When later sounds affects earlier sounds in the word. EX: "sun kissed" becomes "sungkist" (K influences N to become "ng") |
| When on sound is substituted for another sound this phonological process is called what? | Substitution |
| Fronting | Phonological process: Substitution "Can" becomes "Tan" pulling a sound made in the back of the mouth to the front. |
| Gliding | Phonological process: Substitution "rabbit" becomes "wabbit" This is a speech sound error that children make because it's easier for them to say the word that way. The child can feel the /w/ more than the /r/. |
| What phonological process typically involves a child substituting /r/, /w/, /l/, /y/? Ex: Child says "wright" instead of "light" | Gliding |
| Stopping | Phonological process: Substitution when a child replaces a fricative or affricate sound with a stop sound. EX: "sun" becomes "done" Reminder* stop sounds are /p,b,t,d,k,g/ |
| Depalatalization | Phonological process: Substitution occurs when a nonpalatal sound replaces a post alveolar sound (ch,j,sh, zsh), such as saying "fit" instead of "fish". |
| Deaffrication | Phonological process: Substitution process where an affricate sound, such as "ch" or "dj", is transformed into a stop, such as "p", "b", "t", or "d", or a fricative, such as "s", "z", or "sh". For instance, "shop" instead of "chop" or "dog" instead of "j |
| Syllable Structure | Phonological Process: Syllable Structure A phonological process of syllable structure refers to sound changes that affect the organization of syllables within a word, often involving the deletion, addition, or simplification of consonants within a syllab |
| Final consonant deletion | Phonological Process: Syllable Structure A form of omission, where a child will produce a word and omit the final sound in a word. A child says “ca” for “cat” |
| Cluster reduction/simplification | Phonological Process: Syllable Structure Occurs when a child simplifies a cluster of consonant sounds into a single sound or a more manageable combination of sounds. (e.g. “poon” for “spoon”, “tuck” for “truck”). |
| Weak syllable deletion | Phonological Process: Syllable Structure Children will omit the weak or unstressed syllable in a multisyllabic word. |
| According to McLeod & Crowe (2018) what consonants should a typically developing 18 month old child be able to produce? (25% intelligibility to strangers) | /p/, /b/, /m/, /n/, /t/, /d/ |
| According to McLeod & Crowe (2018) what consonants should a typically developing 2-3 year old child be able to produce? (50% intelligibility to strangers) | /h/, /k/, /g/, /w/, /ŋ/ /f/ /y/ |
| According to McLeod & Crowe (2018) what consonants should a typically developing 4 year old child be able to produce? (100% intelligibility to strangers) | /l/, /j/, /ʧ/ /s/, /z/, /v/, /ʃ/ |
| According to McLeod & Crowe (2018) what consonants should a typically developing 5 year old child be able to produce? (100% intelligibility to strangers) | /r/, /zh/, /ð/ |
| According to McLeod & Crowe (2018) what consonants should a typically developing 6 year old child be able to produce? (100% intelligibility to strangers) | /θ/ |
| [ar, air, ear, er, or, ire] are known as __________________ | vocalic /r/ |
| Give an example of a prevocalic /r/ | prevoicalic means /pre/ (before) /vocalic/ (vowel) Examples: ribbon, rabbit, rodent, rug, rain |
| Things to remember about /r/ articulation disorders. (General info) | Taking into account word positions (initial, medial, and final) and combinations (blends)reveals that there are 21 vocalic combinations and as many as 32 different allophonic types of /r/: prevocalic r, er initial, er medial stressed, er medial unstressed |
| Errors with /r/ are what type of phonological process? | Trick queston! Vocalic r is an exception. Exceptions are hard to deal with when organizing protocols, postulating grand theories, or developing products. Where does it fit in? And how? For the most part, /r/ has been treated consonantally, lumped toget |
| What are Fry words? | The most common words a child will see in academic reading for their grade level. |
| Fasciculation | Fasciculation (pronounced “fass-ick-you-lay-shun”) is a visible, involuntary twitching of an individual muscle |
| Ptosis | Ptosis is known as the drooping of the upper eyelid |
| Groping | Oral groping is a symptom of apraxia of speech, a motor speech disorder that makes it difficult to move the lips, tongue, and jaw presents as the mouth "searching" for the right words/movements to produce speech |
| Inhalatory Stridor | Inhalatory stridor is a high-pitched, turbulent sound that occurs when breathing in and is a sign of a narrowed or obstructed upper airway. It's usually caused by a problem in the throat or airway, and the exact sound depends on where the obstruction is l |
| Diplophonic | A diplophonic voice is a voice that produces two pitches simultaneously, or a type of roughness in the voice. It's caused by quasi-periodic vocal fold vibrations, which can be due to a number of conditions, including: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis Inc |
| Phonological awareness is the foundation of what? | reading |
| Backing | when alveolar sounds substituted with velar sounds. {tape} becomes {cape} |
| Name a high front vowel sound | /i/ beet, /I/, bit |
| The /i/ in bit is what type of vowel? | High, front, lax, unrounded |
| /ʊ/ (hook). /oʊ/ (No) /ɔ/ (saw) are what type of vowel? | Rounded vowels |
| short vowel sounds are all what type of vowel? | lax vowels |
| The vowels in the words: ˈzibrə ˈhæmbərɡər ˈrʌnər hʌt can be described as? | Mid , central vowels |
| Which of the following is not a back vowel? a. /u/ b./a/ c./æ/ d. /oʊ/ | c (crab) is a front low lax vowel |
| Most long vowels are what type of vowel? | tense vowels |
| Phonological awareness is the foundation of what? | reading |
| Backing | when alveolar sounds substituted with velar sounds. {tape} becomes {cape} |
| Name a high front vowel sound | /i/ beet, /I/, bit |
| The /i/ in bit is what type of vowel? | High, front, lax, unrounded |
| /u/ (shoe), /ʊ/ (hook). /oʊ/ (No) /ɔ/ (saw) are what type of vowel? | Back and Rounded vowels |
| short vowel sounds are all what type of vowel? | lax vowels |
| The vowels in the words: ˈzibrə ˈhæmbərɡər ˈrʌnər hʌt can be described as? | Mid , central vowels |
| Which of the following is not a back vowel? a. /u/ b./a/ c./æ/ d. /oʊ/ | c (crab) is a front low lax vowel |
| Most long vowels are what type of vowel? | tense vowels |
| Shwa sounds are what type of vowel? | Mid, central lax vowels |
| Determine the manner, place and voicing for /p/ and /b/ | bilabial plosives (stops) /p/ is voiceless and /b/ is voiced |
| Which of the following sound groupings are post alveolar (coronal), liquid sounds? a./t/,/d/,/s/ b./ð/, /θ/ c. /ʧ/,/ʃ/, /ʒ/ d. /r/ | d. /r/ |
| Which of the following sound groupings are post alveolar (coronal), affricate sounds? a./t/,/d/,/s/ b./ð/, /θ/ c. /ʧ/, /dʒ/ d. /r/ | c |
| /k/, /g/, /w/ and /ŋ/ are produced in what place in the mouth? a. velar b. glottal c. palatal d. dental | a |
| what sound is a voiced dental fricative? a. ŋ b. ð c. z d. m | b |
| What is the only palatal sound in English? | /j/ "yes" |
| What is the only glottal sound in English? | /h/ "hay" |
| What sounds can have a lateral production as an articulation error? | /l/, /s/ |
| Are there any voiceless nasal sounds in English? | nope /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/ |
| Which plosives or stop sounds are aspirated? | /p/, /t/, /k/ |
| You should check for tongue thrust if you hear what type of speech during an oral motor exam? | hyponasal (denasal) speech *they sound sick* |
| What is the difference between velopharyngeal insufficiency and velopharyngeal incompetence. | velopharyngeal insufficiency is a structural concern velopharyngeal incompetence. is a functional concern |
| A weak, asymmetrical (uvula) or absent gag reflex may indicate what prognosis? *bonus* what cranial nerve is impacted when these signs are present? | muscle weakness in the velopharyngeal area neurological impairment #10 Vegas |
| weakness of the lips, tongue or jaw are common in patients with ____________________________ disorders. | neurological disorders |
| what two vowels are front and mid? | eI (cake) ɛ as in ˈɛpəˌsoʊd |
| which vowel is a is a low back vowel? | /a/ hot |
| Which vowels are mid back vowels? | No noʊ saw sɔ |
| Which vowels are high back vowels? | shoe /u/ hook /ʊ/ |
| transcribe cow | kaʊ |
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