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CDS-350

Linguistics and Pragmatics of ASL-NCU

QuestionAnswer
Language Rule-governed communication system
Linguist Someones who studies language
Linguistics the scientific study of language
Features shared by language and other communication systems: 1. Systems use symbols 2. Symbols are organized and used systematically
Arbitary When the actual form of a symbol does not reflect the form/activity of the thing it describes.
Iconic When the form a a sign is an icon or representation of the activity being preformed or thing being referred to.
Schematized arranged or represented in a symbolic form
Features that make language unique (first 4) total 13 1. Language is productive 2. Language has ways of showing the relationship between symbols 3. language has mechanisms for introducing new symbols 4. Language can be used for an unrestricted number of domains
Features that make language unique (Continued: 5) total 13 5. the symbols can be broken down into smaller parts 6. More than one meaning can be conveyed by a symbol or set of symbols 7. Language can refer to the past, present, and future 8. Language changes with time 9. Language can be used interchangeably
Features that make language unique (Continued: 4) Total 13 10. Language users monitor their use 11. Parts of the system must be learned from other users 12. language users can learn other variants of the same language 13. Language users use the language to discuss the language
Phonology the study of the smallest contrastive units of language
5 basics parameters of ASL Handshape, movement, location, orientation, non-manual signals (Facial expressions)
Notation Allows linguists to write down signs and the non manual signals. There are 3 types of notation: gloss, transcription, or translation
Gloss English word that represents the sign. - Small capital letters - correspond to the signs in the sentence - non manual features indicated on line above words
Transcription A system for describing the structure of signs. - All symbols used must be agreed upon. - Must be precise - Direct selection of the researcher's perspective on the structure of signs.
Translation The representation of a message in one language into another language. - Translations do not include non manual markers and other structural features included in gloss.
Stokoe (STOH-kee) System The first system for describing signs. 3 parts: 1. Tabula (tab)- location 2. Designator (Dez)- handshape 3. Signation (Sig)- movement
Why did the Stokoe System fail? It lacked the ability to describe nonmanual signals and did not specify where to sign when in the area in front of the body (neutral space).
Bilabial A constant sound formed by closure or near closure of the lips.
Alveolar Speech sound made by putting the tongue against the hard place behind the top front teeth.
Minimal pairs Pairs of signs that differ in only one feature. ex. Summer/dry: location, Sit/chair: movement, red/sweet: handshape
Morphology the study of the smallest meaningful units of language and how these units are used to build new words or signs (Word formation)
Derivational morphology The process of making new units of language. In ASL rounds can be derived from verbs (Chair and sit).
Free morphemes vs bound morphemes Free morphemes are independent units (Cat). Bound morphemes must occur with other morphemes (3 in 3-weeks).
Compounds in ASL are formed when Individual signs combine to create a new sign.
Inflectional morphology the process of adding grammatical information to units that already exist
Compounding Taking 2 free morphemes and putting them together to create a new word
First contact hold rule The first or only contact hold is kept in compound sign
Single sequence rule Internal movements or repetition of movement is eliminated
Weak hand anticipation rule non dominant hand assumes position in anticipation of second sign in compound.
Lexicalization When a number of separate morphemes begin to act like one single morpheme (#BANK or #DO). Some of the signs from the finger spelt word are deleted so there are usually no more than 2 handshapes in a sign.
Syntax Building blocks are words and signs that are used to build phrases. Grammar rules
Yes-No Questions Eyebrows raised, eyes wide, head and body may tilt forward, sometimes hold last sign
WH-Questions Squint eyebrows, tilt head, lean slightly forward
Rhetorical Questions Raised eyebrows, slight shake or tilt of head for first part of the sentence then lean back for second part when answering.
Negation Shows either affirmative or negative. Shake head from side to side, possibly frown or squint.
Commands Make eye contact and possibly frown
Topicalization Information expressed at beginning of sentence.Raised eyebrows, possible pause
Conditionals #If or Suppose is optional. Raised eyebrows, head tilt, possible pause
Declaratives No specific non manual markers
Displacement Users are not limited to talking about current events. They are able to talk about things currently not present or past/future events.
Aspect Information contained in a predicate that tells us how the action of the predicate is done.
Temporal aspect Markers that show that the activity of the verb is never ending, frequent, intense, etc. May change movement or non manual markers.
3 Categories of verbs in ASL 1. Plain verbs 2. Indicating verbs Depicting verbs (Classifier predicates)
Plain verbs Cannot have changed location without changing the meaning of the sign. Does not contain information about subject or object of the sentence.
Indicating verbs Move from the signer toward a specific thing or person. Incorporates additional info about the subject.
Reciprocal verbs Show reciprocating action (LOOK-AT-EACH-OTHER)
Locative Verbs Shows direction of verb (THROW is signed differently depending on where one is throwing.)
Depicting verbs represents meaning through blending which uses visual objects to describe scenes (Used both in ASL and English)
Created by: Audryana_Watson
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