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Diseases, Infection
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquired immunity | Immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime. |
| Acute infection | An infection of short duration that is often severe. |
| Anaphylaxis (an-uh-fi-LAK-sis) | Extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse. |
| Artificially acquired immunity | Immunity that results from a vaccination. |
| Blood-borne disease | Disease that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood. |
| Blood-borne pathogens | Disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids. |
| Chain of infection | Conditions that all must be present for infection to occur. |
| Chronic infection | An infection of long duration. |
| Communicable disease | Condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids. |
| Contaminated waste | Items such as gloves and patient napkins that may contain potentially infectious body fluids of patients. |
| Direct contact | Touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva. |
| Droplet infection | An infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth. |
| Epidemiologic (ep-i-dee-mee-oe-LOJ-ic) studies | Studies of the patterns and causes of diseases. |
| Hazardous waste | Waste that poses a danger to humans or to the environment. |
| Immunity (i-MYOO-ni-tee) | Ability of the body to resist disease. |
| Indirect contact | Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument |
| Infection control | Policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents. |
| Infection prevention | Ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies. |
| Infectious disease | Disease that is communicable. |
| Infectious waste | Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease. |
| Inherited immunity | Immunity that is present at birth. |
| Latent (LAY-tent) infection | Persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go.” |
| Naturally acquired immunity | Immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease. |
| Occupational exposure | Any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials. |
| OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP) Standard | Guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens. |
| Pathogen (PA-thuh-jen) | Disease-causing organism |
| Percutaneous (pur-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) | Through the skin, such as with a needle stick, cut, or human bite. |
| Permucosal (per-myoo-KOE-sul) | Contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth. |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees. |
| Sharps | Pointed or cutting instruments, including needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wires, and endodontic instruments. |
| Standard Precautions | Standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of Universal Precautions. |
| Universal Precautions | Guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious. |
| Virulence (VIR-yoo-luhns) | Strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity. |
Created by:
reyp22
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