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Reconstruction

American History

QuestionAnswer
13th amendment ended slavery
14th amendment granted citizenship to all people regardless of race
15th amendment granted voting rights to all men
Secession To leave. Southern states seceded from the Union which started the Civil War
Freedmen’s Bureau Provided food, clothing, shelter, job training and education for newly freed men.
Disenfranchised the act of depriving a person or group of people of their right to vote, or to prevent them from using that right
Literacy Test Method used to violate rights. This required people to take and pass a test on reading and writing in order to vote.
Poll Tax Method used to violate rights. This required people to pay a fee in order to vote.
Grandfather Clause Anyone’s whose grandfather voted in the last election, could vote in the upcoming elections without having to pay a poll tax or pass a literacy test. This was to protect white citizens who could not read or afford a poll tax.
Segregation the enforced separation of different racial groups - bathrooms, schools, etc
Jim Crow The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation
Black Codes Laws passed during reconstruction that limited the legal rights of Blacks - literacy test, poll tax, etc.
Sharecropping Giving a portion of your crops as rent (this kept the poor in a cycle of poverty)
Ideology and methods of the KKK Racist group that is committed to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation. Use of fear and intimidation
Radical Republican plan vs Lincoln/Johnson Lincoln wanted to be easy (lenient) on the South. Johnson wanted to be even easier (more lenient) on the South since he is from the South. Radical Republicans/congress wanted to be very strict on the South so they would be punished.
Significance of Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision that made segregation legal anywhere in the US. “Separate but equal”
Explain the overall experience of African Americans during Reconstruction New opportunities and legal equality are created to help Freedmen. The Freedmen’s Bureau builds schools and housing. However, many freedmen start sharecropping, are banned from voting, and are terrorized by the KKK.
How did education and franchisement positively impact freedmen? Immediately after the passage of the reconsruction amendments many freedmen start voting and elect many new black Congressmen to local and federal offices. Ways to block these were implimented in the South
Sucess of Reconstruction -Nation is reunited -Business and trade expanded -Cities are rebuilt -Railroads are repaired
Sucess of Reconstruction Reconstruction Amendments: 13th, 14th and 15th Freedom, Citizenship and Suffrage (right to vote)
Sucess of Reconstruction -Public schools and colleges are opened to people of all races - African Americans hold public office. -Freedmen’s Bureau is established -Civil Rights Act of 1866
Failures of Reconstruction -Racism and discrimination continue: -Voter suppression (limiting the vote)-grandfather clause, literacy tests, poll taxes
Failures of Reconstruction -Rise of the KKK -Black Codes -Jim Crow Laws -Segregation is established and codified (segregation=separation) -Supreme Court case Plessy v. Fergusen says that “separate but equal” is legal
Failures of Reconstruction -Land=freedom BUT the same people who own land before the war still own it. Sharecropping kept the poor, poor A cycle of poverty is created by the lack of social and economic mobility
Abraham Lincoln’s Plan 10% plan. -Wanted forgiveness for the south for an oath of loyalty - High military leaders excluded from forgiveness - Lenient
Andrew Johnson’s Plan -Pardon those who take oath of loyalty. - Military leaders and rich southerners excluded from pardon -State needs to abolish slavery to be readmitted to union - Also lenient
The Radical Republican Plan - Wanted to punish the south - Created Freedmen's Bureau to help African Americans - Set up military districts in the south
Created by: jgeekie
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