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Pneumonia MS2

QuestionAnswer
Pneumonia risk factors Heart failure, diabetes, influenza, cystic fibrosis, alcoholism, COPD, AIDs, smoking, immunocompromised/neutropenic clients, clients with NG OF or ET tubes, prolonged immobility, old, sedation, opioids, prolonged H2 blocker or PPI use
Pneumonia symptoms Cough, green/yellow sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain. Confusion, stupor, hypothermia in older patients
Pneumonia clinical manifestations Fine or coarse crackles, bronchial breath sounds, egophony, fremitus, pleural effusion, dullness to percussion
Pneumonia diagnosis Chest x-ray, CBC with differential, CRP, ESR (inflammation), blood cultures, thoracentesis and/or bronchoscopy, pulse ox, ABGs, sputum gram stain, culture and sensitivity
Pneumonia med management Antibiotic, fluids, oxygen, antipyretics, antitussives (only for dry cough), decongestants, and antihistamines
Bronchoscopy Can be for diagnosis or treatment (remove muscus plugs, foreign bodies). Consent needed, NPO 6-12 hours before and until gag reflex returns. Monitor for hemorrhage or pneumothorax
Ventilation - Perfusion scan (V/Q) Assess ventilation and perfusion of lungs, IV radioisotope is given. Ventilation without perfusion suggests pulmonary embolus
Thoracentesis To remove fluid in pleural space. Client sits upright and leaning on table
Pneumonia nursing interventions O2 with humidification to loosen secretions, coughing techniques, chest physiotherapy, position changes, incentive spirometry, nutrition, hydration
Created by: Haydenmeh
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