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Med-Surg ch.14
Lower Resp. disorders Ch. 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aerosol | fine suspensions of very small particles of liquid or solid that constitiute a gas |
| Asthma- | restrictive airway disease causing narrowing of of airway and muscus production. |
| Atelectsis- | incomplete expansion or collapse of alveoli. Occurs from expansion of the lungs from outtside, a decrease in surfactant or bronchial obstruction. is usually reversible. |
| Bronchiectasis- | chronic respiratory disorder in which one or more bronchi are dilated. Thought to occur as a result of frequent respiratory infection as a child. classified under CAL-chronic airflow limitation |
| Bronchodilator- | drugs that act directly on the smooth muscle odf the bronchi to relax them and thereby relieve bronschospasms. |
| Cor pulmonale- | enlargement of the righ side of the heart as a result of pulmonary hypertension caused by constriction of the pulmonary vessels in response to hypoxia.this puts pt at risk for right sided heart failure |
| Emphysema- | disease of the terminal respiratory units. Distruction of alveolar and alveolar-capillary walls as well as narrowed and tortuous small airways. |
| Hemoptysis- | blood in the sputum |
| Hemothroax- | presence of blood in the pleural cavity. Occur as a result of laceration of the lung, heart, and blood vessels within the thorax |
| Intrathoracic- | surgery that requires opening the chest wall and entering the pleural cavity. |
| Leukotriene- | are inhibitors that treat asthma, they help control symptoms by blocking the activities of these substances that mediate inflammation |
| Nebulizer- | a device that produces a fine mist via mask, face tent, or tracheotomy collar. |
| Paradoxical respirations- | occurs when the ribs are broken in more than one place, and the chest is drawn in on inhaling instead of expanding outward as the rest of the chest does, |
| Pleurisy- | inflammation of the pleura, occurs from tuberculosis, pneumonia, neoplasm, and pulmonary infraction. lying on the affected side provides some relief. |
| Pneumonectomy- | removal of an entire lung |
| Pneumothorax- | air or gas within the pleural cavity |
| Pneumonia- | inflammation of the lungs with either consolidation of the lung tissue as it fills with exudates or interstitial inflammation and edema. |
| Polycythemia- | increase in red blood cells that cause the skin to have a reddish color( from Co2 retention) |
| Sarcoidosis- | lung disease charactized by granulomas causes fibrotic changes in the lung tissue over time and cause is unknown. |
| Subcutaneous emphysema- | accumulation of air or gas under the skin |
| Throacentesis- | removal of fluid from the pleural cavity. |
| Thoracotomy- | incision with entry in to the thorax. |
| Thrombolytic- | dissolves thrombi, therapy using streptokinase, urokinase, or tissue plasminogen activator. |
| Pulmonary Turberculosis- | and infection disease of the lung charactized by lesions within the lung tissue. |
| Acute Bronchitis | is viral, and is an extension of an upper respiratory infection involving the trachea(tracheobronchitis) |
| Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis? | chest pain, fever, dry hacking cough |
| Influenza | highly infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. has 3 types(A most virulent, B, C). influenza vaccines protect only agaist certain types of strains! |
| How is Influenza spread? | by direct and indirect contact via coughing and sneezing and contaminated hands |
| SARS stand for what(influenza type of respiratory disease)? | severe acute respiratory syndrome, these are spread from person to person. avian flu and west Nile Virus are spread by vectors like birds and mosquitoes |
| What are the signs and symptoms of influenza and when do they occur? | occurs 2-3 day after exposure and include anorexia, muscle aches, chills fever. |
| How is Influenza treated? | treated with nursing intervention rather than with drug or other medical treatments. |
| name some interventions for patients with influenza? | >fluid intake to 3000mL/day,give cough meds at bed time, provide oral care q4h, humidify the air, watch for secondary infection. |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lung with consolidaion of the lung tissue as it fills with exudate or, interstitial inflammation and edema. |
| This pneumonia is more severe and it produces exudate leading to consolidation(usually occurs in the lower lungs because of gravity and where bacteria settle) | Bacterial Pneumonia |
| This Pneumonia produces interstitial inflammation and not exudate? | Viral Pneumonia |
| People with chronic respiratory disease get treated with what vaccine? | Pneumovax, it protects against 23 pneumococcal organisms! |
| This type of Pneumonia has a 30-50% death rate? | Nosocomial(hospital acquired)Pneumonia |
| How is Pneumonia diagnosis confirmed? | by chest x-ray which reveals densities in the affected lung. |
| This type of Pneumonia can be missed because it can lack the normal symptoms. | Atypical Pneumonia |
| What is typical Pneumonia treated with? | IV or oral antibiotic agents like erythromycin or the new marolides-Cipro |
| What is used to treat Atypical Pneumonia and what causes it? | it is caused by Mycoplasm and it is treated by Erythromycin or Clarithromycin. |
| What are the 1st signs of < O2 are? | Restlessness or confusion |
| Empyema | this disease is charactized by fluid within the pleural cavity becomes infected, the exudate becomes thick and prulent |
| How is a patient tested for Empyema? | fluid is sent to the lab for culture and sensitivity test. this determines which exact antibiotics will destroy the organism causing the infection. |
| What is PCP? (Pneumocystis carinii Jiroveci)? | it is a fungal pneumonia that is found only in the immunocompromissed patient(AIDS) and is very lethal. |
| Where does fungal lung disease come from? | comes from the inhalation of the fungus spores or by the overgrowth of organisms normally found in the body. types coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis( |
| Coccidioidomycosis Lung infections | this type occurs in the San Joaquin valley of california, comes from desert recreational activities or jobs that require digging in the earth. |
| Histoplasmosis Lung infections | occurs in North America , the fungus lives in moist soil, floor of chicken coops, bat cave and in bird droppings. |
| This acid-fast, aerobic, slow-growing bacillus causes TB? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis-it enters the lungs and causes a local inflammatory reaction,usually in the upper lobes. |
| These two meds are used to treat type A Influenza? | Symmetrel and Tamiflu |
| these people are susceptible to fungal lung infections? | Cystic Fibrosis patients |
| these people have high incidences of TB? | american indians, asians,black & hispanics |
| Mantoux Test is done for what? | it it is used to test for TB. |
| QuantiFERON-TB Gold test is done for what? | it is a mor accurate test for TB, its a blood test that produces less false-positive test |
| A diagnosis of active TB is established when what occurs? | When the tubercle bacillus is found in the sputum or gastric washings. |
| What combination drugs are used to treat TB, active TB, usually treatment last for a year? | Isoniazid (INH), Streptomycin, Rifampin etc.... |
| Which vitamin is used to treat TB, it is coverted into an active form(by WBC's) that helps make a protien that kills TB bacteria | Vitamin D |
| This drug is used as a preventive measure to prevent TB with up to 85% effectiveness. | INH Isoniazid |
| What is Extrapulmonary or Miliary TB(it is usually rare)? | this is when the tb bacillus attacks and damages partsof the body other than the lungs.the affected areas include the bones, meninges, urinary sys, and reproductive sys. |
| This Tb is rare and it affects the spine? | Potts' disease, you usually see Kyphosis or hunchback |
| Cystic Fibrosis-CF | a chronic genetic disease in which there is exessive muscus production because of exocrine gland dysfunction. occurs most often in white children. CF is a major cause of Bronchiectasis. Lung damage occurs as a result of CF; lifespan is about 33 years |
| This device is used to aid the CF patient loosen and bring up the lung secretions that are blocking the airway. it combines positive expiratory pressure w/high frequency oscillation at the airway opening. | Flutter Valve |
| This recombinant DNA med is used to reduce the number of lung infections and to improve lung function. | DNase |
| Sarcoidosis | this lung disease is charaterized by granulomas(Lesions , scar tissue)Most common is blacks!! the scaring < functional lung tissue. |
| signs and symptoms of Sarcoidosis | dyspnea, nonproductive cough, inspiratory crackles, and sometimes clubbed fingers. |
| What causes Restrivtive Pulmonary disorders? | it is caused by < elasticity or compliance of the lungs or < ability of the chest wall to expand. Ex: Myasthenia Gravis , Arthritis |
| Pleural Effusion | is a collection of fluid in the pleural space, a thoracentesis is usually done. |
| These type of disorders are charatized by problems moving air into and out of the lungs? | Obstructive puomonary disorders |
| Asthma, Emphysema and chronic Bronchitis are examples of what type of diseases? | CAL-chronic airway limitation(due to genetics and habitual smoking) |
| What 2 diseases are included in COPD? | Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis, caused by smoking and lack of AAT |
| Signs & Symptoms of Emphysema? | Dyspnea,pt's hold sholulder up to enlarge the space in which the lungs can expand, skin is a pinkish color. |
| This COPD disease is caused by an excess secretion of muscus that interfers with airflow and inflammation damage to the bronchial muscosa that causes a productive cough? | Chronic Bronchitis |
| chronic Bronchitis pt's suffer from what? | Hypoventilation and Hypoxemia, polycythemia and have> hemoglobin and hematocrit levels |
| How is COPD treated? | treated with bronchiodilators and antiinflammatory agents and steroid antiinflammatory or antiobiotics if bacterial infection is present. |
| Why is nutrition important for the COPD patient? | because extra work of breathing for the patient uses extra calories. |
| Long term use of Bronchdilators and corticosteroid drugs used to treat COPD is though to cause what? | GERD and Peptic Ulcers |
| This device is used to monitor the greastest airflow velocity that can be produced during forced expiration, it assesses airflow obstruction | Peak Flowmeter |
Created by:
VRoberts
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