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DH 282 Chapter 6+23
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Substance use disorders | Occur when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment |
Enabling | The behavior of family or friends who associate with the addict that results in continued substance use disorder |
Habitation | Physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug |
Misuse | Use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate |
Physical/physiological dependence | The state in which the drug is necessary for the continued functioning of certain body process. |
Psychologic dependence | The state in which, following withdrawal of the drug, there are manifestations of emotional abnormalities and drug-seeking behavior. |
Relapse | Return to drug use after an attempt to stop |
Tolerance | With repeated dosing, the dose of a drug must be increased to obtain the same effect. |
Withdrawal | The constellation of symptoms, as specified in the DSM-5, that occurs when a physically dependent person stops taking the drug. |
Mixed Opioid (CNS Depressants) | Ethyl Alcohol |
Opioid Analgesic (Agonists) | Heroin Meperidine (Demerol) |
Benzodiazepine (Sedative-hypnotics) | Diazepam (Valium) |
CNS stimulants | Cocaine Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) Caffeine (Stay Awake) Nicotine (Nicorette, Nicoderm) |
Withdrawal drugs (NDRI) | Buproprion (Wellbutrin SR) |
Withdrawal drugs (nicotine receptor partial antagonists) | Verenicline (Chantrix) |
Psychedelics (hallucinogens) | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Phencyclidine (PCP) Ecstasy Cannabis (Marijuana) |
Codeine | Most commonly used opioid in dentistry |
Codeine + Tylenol | Tylenol 3, provides greater pain relief |
Cocaine: | Abusers exhibit dilated pupils (mydriasis) |
Morphine | First natural opiate used for acute or severe pain |
Oxycodone | Semi-synthetic opioid |
Oxycodone + acetaminophen | Percocet |
Oxycodone + aspirin | Percodan |
Naloxone (Narcan) | Is an opioid antagonist and used to treat opioid overdose |
Agonists | Refers to a substance that binds to and activates a receptor in the body |
Mixed opioids | Also known as mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, refer to a class of opioids that have both agonistic (activating) and antagonistic (blocking) effects on opioid receptors in the nervous system |
Antagonists | Are substances that bind to receptors in the body but do not activate them. Instead, they block or inhibit the action of agonists |
Narcotics | Original name for opioid drugs. Derived from the Greek work which means “inducing stupor or sleep” |
Opioid agonists | Morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Roxanol, Duramorph) Oxycodone (Percocet) Hydrocodone (Vicodin) Codeine (Codeine 15) Methadone (Methadose) Fentanyl (Duragesic, Actiq, Subsys,Sublimaze) |
Opioid antagonists | Naloxone (Narcan) |
Mixed opioids | Buprenorphine (Buprenex) Tramadol (Ultram) |
Additional Opioid Analgesics Substance Abuse Drugs | methadone (Methadose) morphine (MS Contin) fentanyl (Duragesic) acetaminophen/oxycodone (Percocet) acetaminophen/hydrocodone (Vicodin) |