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Med-Sur ch 17
Cardiovascular
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Atherosclerosis affects what? | aorta and arteries branching off from it. |
3 layer of the heart? | epicardium-outer; myocardium-middle muscle; endocardium-inner lining |
Pericardium | sac that surrounds the heart,protects against infection & over filling of the heart |
Where is the point of maximal impulse felt-PMI? | between the 5th and 6th rib on the line dividing the left clavicle in half. |
This is called the pacemaker of the heart? | SA-Sinoatrial node, located in rt. atrium |
Systole | contraction of the ventricle muscle, bp greatest here, blood is ejected into the heart(# can be affected by stress, exercise, pain) |
Diastole | relaxation of ventricle muscle, |
Ejection fraction | % of blood that is ejected from the heart during Systole(contractiona) |
value of normal ejection fraction? | 50-70%, this decreases with heart failure |
Stoke Volume | the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute(5 Liters) |
Cardiac output | = stroke volume X the heart rate for 1 full minute. |
These blood vessels of the vascular sys. move blood from the heart to the body tissues. | arteries(O2+blood), veins(-O2blood), capillaries |
Aorta | largest artery in body that receives blood from the left ventricle |
Largest vein in body empties blood into the right atrium of the heart | superior and inferior vena cava |
3 layer of the arteries? | Tunica adventia-outer; tunica media-middle; tunica intima-inner layer |
Athersclerosis | fibrous plaque with fat builds up in the layer of the arteries causing narrowing. causes a >BP with effort to force blood through smaller opening. |
Ischemia(infarct) | localized deficiency of blood. if not corrected can cause tissue necrosis and gangrene. |
Stenosis | narrowing of valve |
Coartatin | narrowing of the Aorta |