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All Key Terms
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis | A true allergic response in which the body's immune system reacts to the proteins or other components of the latex that are absorbed through the skin. |
| Anaphylaxis | A rapid, severe immune reaction that can be life threatening if not treated .The airway may swell shut, the heart rate may increase, and the blood pressure drops. |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) | Emergency manual means to maintain breathing and circulation. |
| Chemical Hygiene Plan | Describes all safety procedures, special precautions, and emergency procedures used when working with chemicals. |
| Department of Transportation (DOT) Label | Displays the type of hazard, the United Nations hazard class number, and an identifying number. |
| Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals | Contains information on the identity of the chemical, the chemical manufacturer or other responsible party, appropriate hazard warnings, explanations of the hazards involved in exposure to the chemical, and first-aid measures. |
| Irritant Contact Dermatitis | A result of direct skin contact with materials left on the latex surface during manufacturing, such as processing chemicals. |
| Latex Sensitivity | An allergic reaction to latex in gloves or other equipment. |
| National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Label | A design that warns of the location of hazardous materials in the event of a fire. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | The governmental agency responsible for workplace safety. |
| Radioactive Hazard Symbol | Symbol used to mark areas where radioactivity is used. |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | Provides information about the chemical, its hazards, and the procedures for cleanup and first aid. |
| Sharps | Needles, lancets, broken glass, and other sharp items. |
| Airborne Infection Isolation Precautions | Precautions that are used with patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet Nuclei. |
| Airborne Transmission | The spread of infection either by airborne droplet Nuclei or by dust particles that contain microorganisms. |
| Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs) | Infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed (unpreserved) tissues as defined in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. |
| Chain of Infection | The continuous link among the infection source, the means of transmission, and the susceptible host. |
| Common Vehicle Transmission | Transmission by means of contaminated items, such as food, water, medications, devices, and equipment. |
| Contact Precautions | Precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses that are easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment. |
| Contact Transmission | The most frequent and important transmission route for HAIs. The transfer of microorganisms from an infected or colonized person to a susceptible host by body surface-to-body surface contact or through contact with a contaminated object. |
| Droplet Nuclei | Particles smaller than 5 micrometers that can remain suspended in the air for long periods. |
| Droplet Precautions | Precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets. |
| Droplet Transmission | The spread of infection through airborne droplets. |
| Exposure Control Plan | A comprehensive document outlining all procedures and policies for preventing the spread of infection. |
| Fomite | A contaminated object. |
| Healthcare-Associated Infection | An infection contracted by a patient during a hospital stay. |
| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | A virus that causes the liver disease hepatitis B; spreads through contact with human blood or body fluids. |
| High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) | A type of air filter. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | A causative agent for acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| Infection | Invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease. |
| Isolation | Separation of an infection source from susceptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection. |
| Micrometer | Unit of measure equal to one millionth of a meter; a caliper for making precise measurements that has a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw. |
| Nosocomial Infection | Infection acquired during a hospital stay. |
| Opportunistic Microorganism | A resident floral microorganism that causes infection under certain conditions, such as break in the skin. |
| Pathogen | Infectious organism. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Fluid-resistant gowns, masks, respirators, face shields, shoe covers, and gloves. |
| Protective Environment (PE) | Isolation of immunocompromised patients to prevent exposing them to infection. |
| Reservoir | Person carrying an infectious agent without being sick. |
| Resident Flora | Microorganisms that exist on or in the body that normally do not cause illness. |
| Sepsis | Bacterial infection. |
| Standard Precautions | Infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, other body fluids, and tissues from other people. |
| Transmission-Based Precautions | Precautions used for patients known to be or suspected of being infected with a highly transmissible pathogen. |
| Vectors | Carrier of disease. |
| Accepted Standard of Care | Consensus of medical opinion on what is adequate patient care in a particular situation. |
| Administrative Law | Law created by administrative agencies. |
| Assault | An unjustifiable attempt to touch another person, or the threat to do so. |
| Battery | Intentional touching of another person without consent. |
| Case Law | Law determined by court decisions. |
| Civil Action | A suit in a civil court. |
| Criminal Action | A charge of criminal conduct; contrast with civil action. |
| Damages | Monetary compensation for pain, suffering, and legal costs. |
| Dereliction | Breach of the duty of care. |
| Event Report | Prompt and complete documentation of the circumstances of an incident. |
| Liability Insurance | Insurance that covers monetary damages that must be paid if the defendant loses a liability suit. |
| Liable | To be legally responsible for an action or inaction. |
| Malpractice | Delivery of substandard care that results in harm to a patient. |
| Negligence | Failure to perform an action consistent with the accepted standard of care. |
| Out-of-Court Settlement | Settlement in which the two parties reach an agreement without the intervention of a judge or jury. |
| Plaintiff | Person claiming to have been harmed by the defendant. |
| Private Law | Law which, when violated, leads to a civil action. |
| Protected Health Information (PHI) | Any part of a patient's health information that is linked to information that identifies the patient. |
| Public Law | Law which, when violated, leads to a criminal action. |
| Scope of Practice | Set of procedures, actions, and processes that a trained and licensed individual is permitted to perform. |
| Statutory Law | Law created by a legislative body. |
| Tort | Injury to one person for which another person who caused the injury is legally responsible. |
| Accreditation | Official approval of a program from a professional organization. |
| Approval | Official acceptance from a professional organization. |
| Certification | Evidence that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice. |
| Continuing Education Units (CEUs) | Credits for participation in a continuing education program. |
| Informed Consent | A patient must be informed of intended treatments and their risks before they are performed. |
| Phlebotomy | The practice of drawing blood. |
| Protected Health Information | Includes any information about the patient's name, address, contact information, race, health status, treatment, or payment for healthcare. |
| Standards | Established requirements used in an accredited program. |
| Anatomic and Surgical Pathology Area | Analyzes the characteristics of cells and tissues. |
| Autologous Donation | Donation of a patient's own blood for use at a later time. |
| Blood Bank | Department that deals with blood for transfusions. |
| Blood Type | Presence and type of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. |
| Centrifuge | Separation of components of a sample based on density by using a machine that spins a sample at a very high speed. |
| Chemistry Panel | Group of chemistry tests. |
| Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) | Nonprofit organization that sets standards and guidelines under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). |
| Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA '88) | Federal law that mandated regulation of all facilities that performed patient testing. |
| Clinical Laboratory | Analyzes samples from patients at the request of physicians or other licensed healthcare personnel. |
| Clinical Pathology Area | One of the two main branches of the clinical laboratory, responsible for analyzing blood and other body fluids. |
| Coagulation | Clotting. |
| College of American Pathologists (CAP) | Accrediting agency; accreditation by CAP is required for Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement. |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Automated test used to test for conditions that affect the number and ratio of cell types in the blood. |
| Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) Test | Test to detect and identify microorganisms and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy. |
| Flow Cytometry | Analytic technique used to identify cellular markers on the surface of white blood cells. |
| Forensic | Related to legal proceedings. |
| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) | Healthcare delivery system that functions as full-service outpatient clinics, providing all or almost all medical specialties under one roof. |
| Hemolyzed | Characteristic of a sample in which red blood cells have been broken. |
| Hemostasis | Process by which the body stops blood from leaking out of a wound. |
| Icteric | Related to jaundice. |
| Immunochemistry | Branch of biochemistry concerned with immune responses and systems; immunochemistry tests use antibodies to detect a range of substances in the blood. |
| Immunohematology | Department that deals with blood for transfusions. |
| The Joint Commission | Organization that sets standards regarding systems to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care. |
| Lipemic | Related to increased fats in the serum. |
| Molecular Diagnostics | Department that analyzes deoxyribonucleic acid within a variety of tissues. |
| Nursing Home | Long-term care facility. |
| Physician's Office Laboratory (POL) | Physicians in a group practice that may employ a phlebotomist to collect patient samples. |
| Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) | Group of physicians and hospitals who offer their services to large employers to provide healthcare to employees. |
| Professional Services | Provide services at the request of licensed practitioners (including physicians and nurse practitioners) who said in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. |
| Reagent | Test Chemical. |
| Reference Laboratory | Independent laboratory that analyzes samples from other healthcare facilities. |
| Serum Separator Tubes | Test tubes used to collect blood samples and separate serum from blood clots. |
| Stat | A requisition requiring immediate attention and processing. |
| Urgent Care Center | Outpatient clinic that provides walk-in services to patients who cannot wait for a scheduled appointment with their primary healthcare provider. |
| Additives | Chemical added to evacuated tubes. |
| Antiseptic | Substance that prevents infection. |
| Bacteriostatic | Agent that prevents growth of bacteria. |
| Butterfly | Small needle and flexible tube for delicate veins. |
| Clot Activators | Additive that stimulates clotting. |
| Disinfectant | Agent used to clean a surface other than living tissue. |
| Gauge | Number describing the diameter of a needle's lumen. |
| Glycolysis | Metabolic sugar breakdown within cells. |
| Inpatients | Patient admitted to the hospital. |
| Luer Adapter | Device for adapting a butterfly needle to an evacuated tube. |
| Lumen | Hollow tube within a needle. |
| Multi sample Needle | Double-ended needle designed to be used with an evacuated tube system. |
| Needle Adapter | Translucent plastic cylinder connecting a multisample needle to an evacuated tube. |
| Order of Draw | Prescribed sequence in which tubes with different additives should be filled during a multitube collection. |
| Outpatients | Patient treated at a hospital without being admitted as an inpatient. |
| Polymer Gel | An inert, synthetic additive used to separate cells from plasma during centrifugation; also called thixotropic gel. |
| Thixotropic Gel | Inert additive used to separate cells from plasma during centrifugation. |
| Tourniquet | Strip of material used to reduce circulation and increase prominence of veins. |
| Tube Advancement Mark | Mark on a needle adapter indicating how far the tube can be pushed in without losing vacuum. |
| Tube Holder | Translucent plastic cylinder connecting a multisample needle to an evacuated tube. |
| Whole Blood | Blood before it is separated. |
| Winged Infusion Set | Small needle and flexible tube for delicate veins. |
Created by:
kinsley.sickels
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