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Abdominal Paradox
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adventitious lung sounds (ALS)
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MCRT- Pt Assessment
Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal Paradox | abnormal breathing pattern seen as a sinking inward motion of the abdomen with each inspiratory effort; a sign of diaphragm fatigue. |
| adventitious lung sounds (ALS) | abnormal lung sounds superimposed on the basic underlying breath sounds. |
| angina pectoris | paroxysmal attack of severe chest pain associated with coronary insufficiency; commonly radiates from the heart to the shoulders and arms. |
| barrel chest | abnormal increase in the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest due to hyperinflation of the lungs. |
| bradycardia | abnormally decreased heart rate. |
| bradypnea | abnormal decrease in breathing rate. |
| bronchophony | abnormal voice sounds heard over lung consolidation. |
| clubbing | bulbous swelling of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, often associated with certain lung disease. |
| cough | forceful expiratory effort designed to expel mucus and other foreign material from the upper airway. |
| crackles | discontinuous type of adventitious lung sound. |
| cyanosis | abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. |
| diaphoresis | secretion of sweat, especially the profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, exposure to heat, and mental or emotional stress. |
| diastolic pressure | baseline blood pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation. |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing as perceived by the patient. |
| febrile | to have a fever. |
| fetid | foul smelling. |
| fever | abnormal elevation of body temperature due to disease. |
| gallop rhythm | abnormal heart sound that resembles the gallop of a horse caused by addition of an S3 and/or S4; most often indicates heart failure. |
| heave | abnormal pulsation felt over the percordium; often due to ventricular hypertrophy. |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood. |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood from the respiratory tract. |
| hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver. |
| hypertension | Persistently high arterial blood pressure. |
| hypotension | abnormal condition in which the blood pressure is not adequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of the tissues. |
| hypothermia | Lower than normal body temperature. |
| jugular venous distention | abnormal distention of the jugular veins; most often due to heart failure. |
| Kussmaul respiration | hyperpnea associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. |
| Kussmaul’s sign | increased jugular venous pressure during inspiration. |
| loud P2 | abnormally loud closure of the pulmonic valve as part of the second heart sound; usually due to pulmonary hypertension. |
| lymphadenopathy | of or pertaining to a disease of the lymph nodes; refers also to the visualization of enlarged lymph nodes on radiographs. |
| mucoid | resembling mucus. |
| murmurs | abnormal heart sound created by turbulent blood flow through a narrowed or incompetent heart valve. |
| orthodeoxia | decrease in PaO2 due to changes in position. |
| orthopnea | labored breathing in the reclining position. |
| pedal edema | swelling of the ankles usually due to heart failure. |
| phlegm | mucus from the tracheobronchial tree. |
| platypnea | opposite of orthopnea; that is , an abnormal condition characterized by difficult breathing in the standing position, which is relieved in the lying or recumbent position |
| pneumothorax | presence of air or gas in the pleural space of the thorax; if this air or gas is trapped under pressure, a tension pneumothorax exists. |
| pulse deficit | discrepancy between the ventricular rate auscultated a the apex of the heart and the arterial rate of the radial pulse. |
| pulse pressure | difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. |
| pulsus alternans | alternating between strong and weak heart beats. |
| pulsus paradoxus | abnormal decrease in pulse pressure with each inspiratory effort. |
| purulent | consisting of or containing pus. |
| respiratory alternans | alternating between use of eh diaphragm for short periods and use of eh accessory muscles to breathe. It is indicative of end-stage respiratory muscle fatigue. |
| retractions | sinking inward of the skin around the chest cage with each inspiratory effort. |
| sputum | mucus from the respiratory tract that has passed through the mouth. |
| stridor | high-pitched, continuous type of adventitious lung sound heard from the upper airway. |
| subcutaneous emphysema | accumulation of air in the subcutaneous tissues (under the skin) due to leakage from the lung. |
| syncope | temporary unconsciousness; fainting. |
| systolic pressure | peak blood pressure occurring in the arteries during ventricular contraction. |
| tachycardia | abnormally elevated heart rate. |
| tachypnea | abnormal elevation of breathing rate. |
| thrills | fine palpable vibration felt accompanying a cardiac or vascular murmur. |
| tripodding | breathing technique most often used by patients with COPD in which they lean forward and place their elbows on a table or arms of a chair to support breathing with the accessory muscles. |
| wheezes | high pitched, continuous type of adventitious lung sound. |
Created by:
smiddleton
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