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communicable dz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| varicella (chickenpox) | * MOT: airborne & direct contact with fomites * fever, malaise/anorexia (1st 24hr), rash that rapidly progresses to papules and vesicles that break and form crusts * avoid aspirin to prevent Reye Syndrome |
| diphtheria | * MOT: direct contact with infected client, carrier or fomites * smooth, adherent, white/gray membrane on tonsils/pharynx * low-grade fever, sore throat, malaise, anorexia * prep for emergency tracheostomy if airway obstruction occurs |
| erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | * MOT: unknown; possibly respiratory secretions and blood * erythema of face (1-4 days), symmetrical maculpapular red spots on U/LE's (1+weeks), rash subsides but can reappear with skin irritation or trauma * resp precautions |
| infectious mononucleosis | MOT: direct contact with infected blood or secretions * fever, sore throat, headache, malaise, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly |
| mumps (parotitis) | * MOT: direct contact or via droplets from infected client. source: saliva * jaw pain and/or ear pain aggravated by chewing * unilateral/bilateral swelling of parotid glands * institute resp precautions |
| pertussis (whooping cough) | * MOT: direct contact or droplet; contact with freshly contaminated articles * droplet precautions |
| 2 stages of pertussis | 1. catarrhal: sneezing, rhinorrhea, low-grade fever, lacrimation 2. paroxysmal: high-pitched "whooping" coughs |
| poliomyelitis | * MOT: fecal-PO route or oropharangeal * contact precautions - enforce strict handwashing. |
| rocky mountain spotted fever | * MOT: bite of infected tick * chills, fever, anorxia, N, malaise, myalgia, mental confusion, HA, maculopapular/petechial rash often on extremities |
| roseola (exanthema subitum) | MOT: unknown * fever >102F 3-4 days in child who appears well * sudden drop in fever followed by appearance of rose-pink macules * nonpruritis rash |
| rubeola (measles) | * MOT: direct contact with droplets |
| rubella (german measles) | * MOT: direct contact or contact with objects freshly contaminated with nasopharangeal secretions, urine or feces * low-grade fever, HA, malaise, coryza, rash * isolate children from pregnant women |
| scarlet fever | * MOT: direct contact, droplets, indirect contact with fomites, ingestion of contaminated milk/food * resp precautions |
| smallpox | MOT: droplets and contact w/ contaminated fomites |
| anthrax | * MOT: contact w/ broken skin; spore inhalation/ingestion * cutaneous form: reddish-brown lesion > scab > brawny edema * GI: hemorrhage, abd pain, severe D * pulm: rapidly-developing resp distress/shock * Cipro or erythromycin for ALL TYPES |
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