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The Electrolytes
hyper/hypo of electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most abundant cation in the ICF? | Potassium |
| What are the most abundant anions in the ICF? | proteins and phosphate |
| What is the most abundant cation found in the ECF? | Sodium (Na+) |
| What is the most abundant anion found in the ECF? | Chloride (Cl-) |
| Na+/K+ pumps play a major role in keeping _____ high inside the cells & ______high outside the cells | K+ is high inside the cells and Na+ is high outside the cells |
| When is the sodium level hyponatremia? | Na+ < 135 mEq/L |
| Causes of hyponatremia? | decrease of Na+ intake, increase of Na+ excretion (diaphorsesis, GI suctioning), adrenal insufficiency |
| Signs & Symptoms of hyponatremia? | N&V, abdominal cramps, weigh loss; cold & clammy skin; decrease skin turgor, apprehension, HA convulsions, focal neurologic deficit, coma (cerebral edema); fatigue; postural hypotension; radip thready pulse |
| Interventions for Hyponatremia | foods high in sodium; IVF of NS; assess orthostatic BPs frequently |
| when is the sodium level hypernatremia? | Na+ > 145 mEq/L |
| Signs & Symptoms of hypernatremia? | Edema (pitting); CHF |
| Causes of Hypernatremia | infection, burns, shock, kidney disease; increase in aldosterone secretion; CHF |
Created by:
bamis
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