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Unit 7 Vocabulary
Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integumentary system | Body system made up of the skin, and the structures that develop from it |
| Aphasia | General term for a group of disorders that affects the ability of the person to communicate with others |
| Stroke | Occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is completely blocked, causing the tissue to die; also called "brain stroke" or cerebrovascular accident |
| Parkinson's disease | Progressive brain disease caused by insufficient amounts of dopamine; the brain loses its ability to properly control body movement |
| Multiple sclerosis | Autoimmune disorder resulting in faulty transmission of nerve impulses |
| Central nervous system | The body system that consists of the brain and spinal cord; function is to receive information, process this information, and issue instructions |
| Pressure ulcer | Skin breakdown that occurs when a part of the body presses against a surface for too long; also called "bed sores" |
| Wound | An injury that results in a break in the skin, and ususlly the underlying tissues |
| Shingles | Disorder most commonly seen in people over the age of 65; caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox |
| Musculoskeletal system | Body system that consists of the skeletal and muscular system |
| Erythema | Redness of the skin |
| Skeleton | Framework that gives structure and shape to the body and protects key vital organs |
| Range of motion | Complete extent of movement that a joint is normally capable of without causing pain |
| Atrophy | The loss of muscle size and strength |
| Osteoporosis | The excessive loss of bone tissue, causing the bone to become crumbly and very fragile |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of the joints, usually associated with pain and stiffness |
| Phantom pain | The feeling that an amputated body part is still present after an amputation |
| Flexion | Bending of a joint |
| Extension | Straightening of a joint |
| Supination | Rotation of the palm so that it is facing up or forward |
| Pronation | Rotation of the palm so that it is facing down or backward |
| Eversion | Rotation of the sole of the foot outward |
| Inversion | Rotation of the sole of the foot inward |
| Respiratory system | Body system that consists of the lungs and a series of airway passages |
| Ventilation | The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection with a virus or a bacterium |
| Cardiovascular system | Body system made up of the blood, blood vessels, and the heart |
| Jaundice | Condition where the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow |
| Arteries | Vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart |
| Vericose veins | The pooling of blood in the veins, causing the veins to become swollen and "knotty" in appearance |
| Antiembolism (TED) stockings | Compression stockings designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs and ankles to improve blood flow |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain that is felt as a result of the heart muscle being deprived of oxygen |
| Epilepsy | Disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by chronic seizure activity |
| Sensor,y system | Body system that consists of sensory receptors, responsible for detecting and processing sensory information through general and special senses |
| Pain | The body's distress signal |
| Cataract | The gradual yellowing and hardening of the lens of the eye |
| Vertigo | Episodes of dizziness |
| Tinnitus | Ringing in the ear |
| Endocrine system | System that controls many of the body processes such as growth and development, reproduction, and metabolism by producing hormones |
| Diabetes | Results when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin, the body's cells are unable to properly use the insulin that is produced, or both |
| Insulin | Hormone that affects all of the body's cells, allows sugar to be transported from the bloodstream into the individual cells |
| Digestive system | Tract that consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
| Urinary system | Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra; responsible for filtering blood, removing waste and excess water |
| Dialysis | Mechanical treatment that does the job of the kidneys by removing waste products and fluids from the body; used for people with kidney failure |
| Reproductive system | The tissues, glands, and organs involved in producing offspring |
| Prostate gland | Gland in the male reproductive system that produces semen |
| Impotence | The inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual activity |
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