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huron.fundament.1v2
huron.nursing.cleveoh.fall2010.fundam.test1.v2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| client | includes individual, family and/or community |
| crimean war- | florence nightingale studied & implemented methods to improve battlefield sanitation |
| notes on nursing | nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration |
| 1860 | first organized program for training nurses "Nightingale Training School for Nurses - St. Thomas hospital in London |
| nightingale | first practicing nurse epidemiologist |
| Clara Barton | Civil War 1860-65 - Founder of American Red Cross |
| Dorothea Dix | Superintendent of femal nurses in Union Army |
| Mary Mahoney | 1st professionally trained African American nurse |
| Nurse Practice Acts | specific legal regulations for practice, and professional organizations establish standards of practice for care |
| autonomy | au·ton·o·mies1 : the quality or state of being independent, free, and self-directing 2 : independence from the organism as a whole in the capacity of a part for growth, reactivity, or responsiveness |
| accountability | means the nurse is responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided. |
| caregiver | a person who provides direct care (dictionary) - client regain health and function through healing process |
| client advocate | protect legal and human rights, assert rights when needed |
| educator | client education-explain concepts and facts about health |
| communication | know clients-family-needs-relationships |
| clinician | direct client care in an acute care setting |
| Theory | set of concepts, definitions and assumptions or propositions to explain a phenomenom |
| phenomenon | aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experience |
| concepts | ideas and mental images |
| definitions within theory | communicate the general meaning of the concepts |
| assumptions | "taken for granted" statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose relationships & structure of a theory |
| grand theory | broad in scope-abstract ideas |
| middle-range theories | limited in scope, address specific phenomenom |
| descriptive theories | first level of theory development; describe phenomena-explain client assessments |
| prescriptive theories | address nursing interventions & predict consequences-action oriented |
| theory generates nursing knowledge | for use in practice |
| Is nursing process a theory? | no-provides a systematic process for delivery of nursing care |
| systems - open & closed | open-human organism - closed - test tube |
| nursing process-goal | organize & deliver an individualized approach to nursing care |
| components of nursing process (4) | input, output, feedback and content |
| input | data or information from client - assessment, etc. |
| output | end product of system-health status improves/stabilizes |
| feedback | inform system how it functions |
| content | product obtained from system. Ex. - prevent bedsores-turn patient |
| Maslow's hierarchy | level 1-physiological-air,water,food - level 2 - safety & security - level 3 friendship & sexual love - level 4 - esteem, achievement & self-worth - level 5 self-actualization - achieve potential |
| Maslow's hierarch | useful in setting client priorities |
| nursing theory-nightingale | improve environment-air, light, warmth, nutrition "descriptive theory"-taught & used process "vital observations" |
| peplau | collaborative nurse-client relationship |
| other theories | covered in lecture? |
| Evidence-based practice | problem-solving approach to clinical practice integrates: 1. best evidence 2. client values 3. clinician's expertise |
| steps (5) | 1. ask clinical question 2. collect relevant and best evidence 3. critically appraise evidence 4. integrate with clinical expertise & client's needs 5. evaluate the practice decision |
| PICO | P-Patient population; I - Intervention; C Comparison Ex. current standard of care vs. usual; O - outcome-what result? |
| knowledge gaps - many kinds (5) | PICO questions help when seeking - diagnosis; prognosis (likely outcome) - therapy - prevention - education |
| collect best evidence | |
| medicine, physicians treat disease while | nursing is diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems |
| Evidence-based practice (EVB) | problem-solving approach to nursing clinical practice-uses best evidence plus expertise |
| Evidence based practice - five steps | 1. Ask clinical questions 2. collect best evidence 3. critically appraise evidence 4. integrate with clinical expertise, clients, values 5. evaluate |
| PICO | P - patient population I - intervention C - comparison of interest O - outcome |
| bias | study did not use randomized subjects; proper control factors |
| qualitative research | phenomena - difficult to quantify or categorzie |
| abstract | brief summary of the article |
| introduction | purpose of article; why author thought important |
| literature review/background | gives present research; why article is new |
| hypotheses | prediction of outcome |
| integrate evidence | use best practices |
| nursing research- example | study of tube feeding practices to prevent aspiration - saves lives |
| quantatative research | nursing phenomena that can be measured precisely Ex. body temperature |
| qualatative research | phenomena that are difficult to quantify or categorize |
| inductive reasoning | develop generalizations or theories from specific observations or interviews |
| research process | orderly series of steps 1. conceive study - identify problem 2. design study (data collection) 3. conduct study (get approval, recruit subjects) 4. analyze data (sample, interpret) 5. use study-publish |
| quality and performance improvement | focus of outcomes management - ex. - lower falls- make sure patient goes to bathroom |
| PDSA | Plan, do, study, act - model for quality improvement process |
| SBAR - format for medical documentation; reporting | Situation - describe; background - give concise history; assessment-use best judgment;recommendations; what needs to happen? |
| flow sheets | forms to enter assessment data-exceptions can be entered in special forms-no narrative-can see trends |
| kardex | basic summary-changes daily; info such as MD name; primary diagnosis; current treatment orders; nursing care plan, allergies, etc. |
| acuity record | client after surgery - how many hours of care & staff required? |
| standardized care plan | based on standard of nursing practice; allow for individual care |
| when does discharge planning begin? | at admission - plan to get patient healthier |
| Telephone orders | Use only when necessary; Nurses are required to document by having physician countersign |
| what makes best nurse communicator? | good critical thinking skills make the best communicators-combine theoretical knowledge & integrate with personal experience |
| risk taking, independence | good critical thinking |
| nurses decision making | is always contextual - unique features of situation influence the decisions |
| intonation | watch for unintended messages - patronizing - also client will give clues via intonation |
| metacommunication | broad term-all factors that influence communication |
| nurses decision making | is always contextual - unique features of situation influence the decisions |
| intonation | watch for unintended messages - patronizing - also client will give clues via intonation |
| metacommunication | broad term-all factors that influence communication |
| goal of therapeutic communication | allows attainment of health-related goals |
| narrative interaction | nurse encourages client to share stories - understand client's lives & learn what is meaningful to them |
| collegial relationships | team building, group process, collaboration, consultation, leadership |
| nurse & health care team | need social and therapeutic interactions to build morale and strengthen relationships |
| courtesy | say hello, knock on doors, state purpose, use names |
| trust | do not withhold information, distorting truth, gossip |
| autonomy | ability to be self-directed and independent in accomplishing goals and advocating for others-make choices & accept responsbility |
| assessment of communication needs | can they breath? see? high anxiety? drugs? |
| assessment by speaking to client | assess their response, can they concentrate? interpret |
| developmental factors | babies - cry, move - older adults - may have hearing loss |
| gender sensitivity | recognize differences in male-female patterns |
| impaired verbal communication | can cause - anxiety, social isolation, ineffective coping, compromised family coping, powerlessness, impaired social interaction |
| nursing diagnoses for communication disorder also looks at | CAUSE - see what interventions can help - is it physical? psychological? developmental? |
| care plan for client communication dysfunction | are they motivated? (may need encouragement) - Ex. client w/tracheostomy learning to use writing board |
| goals for communication dysfunction | client can talk - attend to others, etc. - conveys clear messages to family, health team, be happier |
| SOLER | Sit - Observe - Lean toward client - Eye contact - Relax |
| sharing observations | "I see you haven't eaten anything" - help client to discuss their situation |
| sharing empathy | ability to understand and accept another person's reality, feelings, and also to communicate this understanding Ex. client who can't walk after stroke "it must be frustrating to know what to do but can't do it? |
| share hope | "i believe you will find a way to face your situation" |
| providing information | lessen anxiety- do not hide - if physician is witholding information, nurse should clarify why- |
| clarifying | check by restating message - don't make wrong assumptions - ask admit if you don't understand |
| focusing | do not interrupt - guide to necessary areas |
| paraphrasing | restate-(needs practice) this can be good feedback if done properly "you don't understand why you need a diet because you're health so far" |
| nontherapeutic | changing subject, asking personal questions, opinions false reassurance - |
| defensive respons | listen to client |
Created by:
walterina4327
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