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valve disorders increase risk for 2 things:
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the 2 normal heart sounds are called:
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valvular diseases
patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| valve disorders increase risk for 2 things: | -clot formation -infection |
| the 2 normal heart sounds are called: | -S1/lub -S2dub |
| S1/lub: | closing of the AV valves |
| S2/dub: | closing of the semi-lunar valves |
| abnormal heart sounds are called... | S3 and S4 |
| stenosis: | -narrowing in valves. Not much room for blood to be pumped into the next chamber -causes increased resistance to flow, and blood backs up. Causes a murmur |
| regurgitation: | -loose valve; valve isn't closing properly so some leaks back in the previous chamber -causes a murmur |
| what are the two most common valve disorders? | mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis |
| heart murmurs: | sounds heard due to turbulent blood flow through the heart or great vessels |
| physiologic murmurs: | sounds heard due to turbulent blood flow through the heart or great vessels; does not cause symptoms |
| pathologic murmurs: | -caused by a valve deformity or valve dysfunction -can result in reduced CO |
| examples of physiologic murmurs (3): | -anxiety -fever -pregnancy |
| complications of valvular disorders (4): | -dysrhythmias -thrombus formation -stroke/mi due to thrombus formation -heart failure |
| causes of valvular disorders (5): | -congenital malformations (i.e. Marfan's syndrome) -atherosclerosis -HTN -rheumatic disease -infective endocarditis from IV drugs |
| what is rheumatic disease caused from? | strep bacteria |
| what are valvular disorders diagnosed with? | echocardiograms |
| what are the 3 kinds of echocardiograms are used to diagnose valvular disorders? | -TTE (transthoracic echocardiography -TEE (transesophageal echocardiography) -Doppler echocardiography |
| TTE (transthoracic echocardiography): | most common; non-invasive, transducer placed on chest wall |
| TEE (transesophageal echocardiography): | transducer inserted into esophagus; more invasive than TTE, but gives better readings |
| Doppler echocardiography: | sound waves to measure velocity of blood flow across valves and in chambers; can be colorized |
| what is mitral stenosis caused by? (2): | -rheumatic fever -mitral annular calcification |
| what is occurring in the heart during mitral stenosis? (3) | -narrow mitral valve hiders blood flow into LV -LA enlarges and fluid backs up into lungs due to increased resistance -less blood flow to LV causes a decrease in CO |
| where is fluid backing up during mitral stenosis? (2) | LA --> lungs |
| symptoms from fluid backup into lungs from mitral stenosis/regurgitation (3): | -dyspnea -paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea -orthopnea |
| symptoms from lack of blood flow to LV from mitral stenosis/regurgitation (4): | -confusion -weakness -cool extremities -oliguria |
| what is mitral regurgitation caused by? (1) | MI |
| what is occurring in the heart during mitral regurgitation? (1) | loose mitral valve allows back flow of blood during systole |
| where is fluid backing up during mitral regurgitation? | LA --> lungs |
| what is aortic stenosis caused by? (3) | -AORTIC SCLEROSIS -rheumatic disease -congenital valve defect |
| what is occurring in the heart during aortic stenosis? (2) | -narrow aortic valve hinders blood flow out to body -difficult for LV to eject blood due to increased resistance |
| write out of the path of fluid backup for aortic stenosis: | LV --> LA --> pulmonary veins |
| what is tricuspid stenosis caused by? (1) | infective endocarditis (IV drug use) |
| what is occurring in the heart during tricuspid stenosis? (1) | narrowing of tricuspid valve |
| where is fluid backed to up during tricuspid stenosis? | RA --> veins |
| symptoms of does tricuspid stenosis: | same symptoms as RVHF |
| what is pulmonic stenosis caused by? (1) | pulmonary HTN |
| what is occurring in the heart during pulmonic stenosis? (2) | -narrowing of the pulmonary valve -RV weakens and hypertrophies from having to work harder to get blood to the lungs |
| where does fluid back up to in pulmonic stenosis? | RV --> RA |
| symptoms of pulmonic stenosis: | same symptoms as RVHF |
| what is pulmonic regurgitation caused by? | pulmonary HTN |
| what is occurring in the heart during pulmonic regurgitation? | loose pulmonary valve allows back flow of blood during diastole |
| where does fluid back up to in pulmonic regurgitation? | RV --> RA |
| symptoms of pulmonic regurgitation: | same symptoms as RVHF |
Created by:
akgross
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