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Rad Pro Ch.11 Part 3

Facial Bones

Question	Answer
How many facial bones are there?	14.
Facial Bones:	2 Maxillae. 2 Zygomatic Bones. 2 Lacrimal Bones. 2 Nasal Bones. 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae. 2 Palatine Bones. 1 Vomer. 1 Mandible.
Each maxilla articulates with _____ Cranial Bones:	2; Frontal & Ethmoid.
Each maxilla articulates with _____ Facial Bones:	7; zygoma, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, inferior nasal concha, vomer, and adjacent maxilla.
Palatine Bones	Forms the posterior part of the hard plate.
What processes are seen in the frontal view of the skull?	Frontal process, zygomatic process, &malveolar process.
Maxillary Sinus	The body of each maxillary bone contains a large air-filled cavity.
Frontal Process	Projects upward along the lateral border of the nose toward the frontal bone.
The ______ of each maxilla is the centrally located portion that lies lateral to the nose.	Body
Zygomatic Process	Projects laterally to unite with the zygoma.
Alveolar Process	Is the inferior aspect of the body of each maxilla; 8 upper teeth occur along the inferior margin of each of these processes.
Acanthion	A point at the superior aspect of the anterior nasal spine.
Pterygoid Hamuli	2 processes; are similar to the feet of the outstretched legs of a bat.
Zygoma	Is located lateral to the zygomatic process of each maxilla; form the prominence of the cheeks and make up the lower outer portion of the orbits.
Zygomatic Arch	Is a delicate structure that sometimes is fractured or "caved in" by a blow to the cheek.
Zygomatic Arch:	Projects posteriorly from the zygoma; is a slender process that connects with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Zygomatic Prominence	Is a positioning landmark and the term refers to this prominent portion of the zygoma.
Each Zygoma articulates with ____ Cranial Bones:	3; Frontal, Sphenoid, & Temporal.
Each Zygoma articulates with ____ Facial Bones:	1; Maxilla.
The _______ and _________ are the thinnest and most fragile bones in the entire body.	Lacrimal & Nasal.
Lacrimal Bones	2 bones that are small and delicate; lie anteriorly on the medial side of each orbit just posterior to the process of the maxilla.
Nasal Bones	2 fused bones that form the bridge of the nose and are variable in size.
Each Lacrimal Bone articulates with ____ Cranial Bones:	2; Frontal & Ethmoid.
Nasion	The point of junction of the 2 nasal bones.
Each Lacrimal Bone articulates with ____ Facial Bones:	2; Maxilla & Inferior Nasal Concha.
Each Nasal Bone articulates with ____ Cranial Bones:	2; Frontal & Ethmoid.
Each Nasal Bone articulates with ____ Frontal Bones:	2; Maxilla & Adjacent Nasal Bone.
Inferior Nasal Conchae	2 platelike curved facial bones; project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity on each side and extend medially.
Superior and Middle Conchae	Are part of the ethmoid bone.
Each Inferior nasal conchae articulates with ____ Cranial Bone:	1; Ethmoid.
Each Inferior nasal conchae articulates with ____ Facial Bone:	3;Maxilla, Lacrimal, & Palatine.
Each Palatine articulates with ____ Cranial Bones:	2; Sphenoid and Ethmoid.
Each Palatine articulates with ____ Facial Bones:	4; Maxilla, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Vomer, & Adjacent Palatine.
Cribriform Plate & Crista Galli	Of the ethmoid bone help separate the cranium from the facial bone mass.
Vomer	Is a thin, triangular bone that forms the inferoposterior part of the nasal septum.
The Vomer articulates with ____ Cranial Bones:	2; Sphenoid & Ethmoid
The Vomer articulates with ____ Facial Bones:	4; Right and Left Palatine Bones & Right and Left Maxillae
Mandible	The largest facial bone; lower jaw.
The only movable bone in the adult skull is?	Mandible.
The _______ of the mandible divides each half into 2 pain parts.	Gonion.
Body	The area anterior to the angle of the mandible.
Ramus	The area superior to each angle of the mandible.
Alveolar Process	Or ridge; extends along the entire superior portion of the body of the mandible.
Mental Protuberance	The flat triangular area below the symphysis, marked by 2 knoblike protuberances that project forward.
Mental Point	The center of the mental protuberance.
Mental Foramen	Located on each half of the body of the mandible.
The ________________ serve as passageways for the mental artery, vein, and nerve that innervates the lower lip & chin.	Mental Foramen.
Symphysis Menti	The single body forms from each lateral half and unites at the anterior midline of the mandible.
Mandibular Notch	The upper portion of each rams terminates a U-shaped notch.
Coronoid Process	The process at the anterior end of the mandibular notch.
Condyloid Process	2 parts; the posterior process of the upper ramus.
Condyle or Head	The rounded end of the condyloid process.
Neck	The constricted area directly below the condyle.
TMJ	The condyle of the condyloid process fits into the TM fossa of the temporal bones to form this join.
Submentovertical (SMV)	The horseshoe shape of the mandible is well visualized on a __________ projection.
SMV projection well demonstrates:	Mentum, Body, Rams, and Gonion of the mandible.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)	The only movable joint (synovial) in the skull.
TMJ Movement:	-Open mouth (condyles move forward). -Closed mouth (normal position).
Lateral Facial Bones	- CR perpendicular, centered to zygoma (cheek).
Blowout Fracture	Is a fracture of the floor of the orbit caused by an object striking the eyes straight on.
Tripod Fracture	Is caused by a blow to the cheek, resulting in fracture of the zygoma in three places- orbital process, maxillary process, and arch. Resulting in a "free-floating" zygomatic bone.
Le Fort Fractures	Are severe bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae that may result in an unstable detached fragment.
Contrecoup Fracture	Is a fracture to one side of a structure that is caused by an impact on the opposite side.
Parietocanthial Projection: Waters Method	- MML perpendicular to IR. - CR perpendicular to IR to exit at acanthion. - Petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses.
Erect Parietocanthial Projection	- Horizontal CR. - 37° OML and IR (MML perpendicular to IR). - Petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses.
PA Axial: Caldwell Method	- OML perpendicular to IR. - CR 15° caudad, exits at nasion. * Petrous ridges projected into lower ⅓ of orbits.
If area of interest is the orbital floors then use a ___________ angle to project the petrous ridges below the IOM on the PA Axial: Caldwell Method.	30° caudad.
Modified Parietocanthial Projection: Modified Waters Method	- CR perpendicular, exits at acanthion. - LML perpendicular to IR. - OML 55° angle to IR. * Petrous ridges projected in lower ⅓ of maxillary sinuses.
Lateral Nasal Bones	- Interpupillary line perpendicular to IR. - CR perpendicular, centered to ½ in (1.25 cm) inferior to nasion.
Superoinferior Tangential (Axial) Nasal Bones	- IR perpendicular to GAL. - CR parallel to GAL. - Demonstates possible medial-lateral displacemen.
SMV Projection: Zygomatic Arches	- CR perpendicular to IOML. - IOML parallel to IR.
Oblique Inferosuperior (Tangentail) Projection: Zygomatic Arches	- IOML parallel to IR. - Rotate and tilt skull 15° toward affected side. - CR perpendicular to IR and IOML. - CR to arch of interest.
AP Axial Zygomatic Arches: Modified Towne Method	- CR 30° to OML or 37° to IOML. - CR 1 in (2.5 cm) superior to glabella (to pass through mid arches).
Parietal-Orbital Oblique Projection Optic Foramina: Rhese Method	- Bilateral projections taken for comparison. - CR perpendicular to downside orbit. - MSP 53° to IR. - Rotate head 37° toward the affected side . - AML perpendicular to IR. * Optic foramen in lower outer quadrant.
Axiolateral Oblique Projection: Mandible	- Place head in true lateral with side of interest against IR. - Have patient close mouth if possible and bring teeth together.
Axiolateral Oblique Projection: Mandible:	- Extend neck slightly to prevent superimposition of the gonion over the c-spine. - Rotate head toward IR to place mandibular area of interest parallel to IR. The ° of rotation/obliquity depends on which section of the mandible is of interest.
_______ rotation toward IR best demonstrates body.	30°.
_______ rotation best demonstrates mentum.	45°.
__________ rotation best provides a general survey of mandible.	10°-15°.
Employ a combination of tilt on the head and CR angle not to exceed ________. OR Employ ______ cephalad angle toward the IR with no head tilt.	25°.
PA or PA Axial Mandible	- OML perpendicular to IR. - CR perpendicular, to exit at lips.
Optional PA Axial	- CR 20°-25° cephalad to better visualize condyles (heads) and neck.
AP Axial Mandible: Towne Method	- OML or IOML perpendicular to IR. - CR 35° (OML)-42° (IOML) caudad. - CR centered to glabella. * Condyloid processes demonstrated and symmetric.
SMV Mandible	-IOML parallel to IR. - CR midway between mandibular angles. - CR perpendicular to IOM.
Orthopantomography-Panoramic Tomography: Mandible	IOML parallel to floor.
AP Axial Temporomandibular Joints: Modified Towne Method	- OML perpendicular to IR. - CR angled 35° caudad from OML or 42° from IOML. - CR level of TMJ (2 in [5 cm] anterior to EAM).
Axiolateral Oblique Projection TMJ: Modified Law Method	- Rotate skull 15° toward IR. - CR 1½ in (4 cm) superior to upside EAM. - CR angled 15° caudad.
Axiolateral TMJ: Schuller Method	-True lateral (in open and closed mouth positions). - CR angled 25°-30° caudad. - CR enters ½ in (1.3 cm) anterior and 2 in (5 cm) superior to upside EAM.

Created by: sassyrad

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