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osteoporosis 1

pn 141 test 1 book: med surg nursing pg 1047

QuestionAnswer
def of osteoporosis "porous bones"; a bone disorder in which bone mass is lost.
since the bones become more fragile, what does this increase the risk for fractures
who usually has it women over the age of 60
what is the cause of it unknown
risk factors that cannot be changed age, female gender, caucasian ir asian, family history, endocrine disorder
risk factors that can be changed calcium deficiency, estrogen deficiency, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, medications
when is peak bone mass achieved (what age) 35 yo
after the age of peak bone mass, what can bone formation not keep up with? reabsorption and bone mass is lost
what are the names of the two types of osteoporosis type 1 and type 2
what is type 1 osteoporosis it occurs in women between the ages of 51 and 75
what is type 2 osteoporosis (senile) affects both men and women over the age of 70, it develops more slowly and is associated with calcium deficiency
s/s of it loss of height, progressive curvature of the spine, low back pain, and fractures
what causes one to lose height as the vertabrea collapse height is lost
why is a dowager's hump evident b/c s/s of dorsal kyphosis and cervical lordosis develop
what does the body so in order to maintain its center of gravity the knees and hips flex and the abdomen protrude
what is usually the first obvious sign of it a fracture
how do the fractures occur some are spontanious, others from everyday activity (known as pathologic fractures)
def of pathologic fractures fractues that occur with minimal stress or no trauma
what type of fractures are common wrist, vertabrea, hip
what is the care of a pt with it focused on stopping or slowing the process, relieving s/s, and preventing complications
what is bone density measurements used for; and who is it recommended for it can help predict the risk for fractures; premenopausal women in their 40s
calcium: what should the daily amount be 1,000-1,500 (increase the amount to 1,500 when pregnent and increase amount when over 50 yo)
calcium: why is it important to take because it can slow bone loss, if taken before 30 it can increase peak bone mass and reduce the risk for osteoporosis
calcium: foods high in calcium dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese), tofu, sardines, clams, oysters, canned salmon, spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, bok choy, green beans, dark molasses
meds: why is estrogen/hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) given to prevent or treat bone loss in postmenopausal women
meds: Bisphosphonates- names of these alendronate (fosamax), risedronate (actonel)
meds: Bisphosphonates- what do they do inhibit bone resorption, increasing the bone density and reducing the risk of fractures. used to prevent and treat osteoporosis
meds: Bisphosphonates- adminstering instructions give with water on arising, 30 min before food or other meds, hold calcium suppliments and high calcium foods for 2 hours after admin, don't lie down until 30 min after taking drug,
meds: Bisphosphonates- nursing implications report changes in renal function (BUN and Creatinine) and serum electrolytes
meds: Bisphosphonates- pt teaching report heart burn, or painful swallowing, report tingling around mouth and nose, take calcium and vitemin d suppliments
meds: calcitonin- names calcitonin, calcimar, maicalcin
meds: calcitonin- what does it do it prevents further bone loss and increases bone mass if adequate vit D and calcium are consumed. may be used in post menopausal wm who cannot take estrogen
meds: calcitonin- administering alternate nostrils daily, take in evening, warm nasal spray to room temp
meds: calcitonin- nursing implications observe for possible anaphylactic reaction for 20 min, report any N/V, anorexia, mild flushing of hands or feet, and urinary frequency,
meds: calcitonin- pt teaching teach injection, rhinits is common, n/v will improve with continued treatment, still consume adequate calcium and vit D
meds: fluoride- what does it do stimulates bone growth by stimulating the proliferation of osteoblasts
meds: fluoride- administering give with crackers orbread to reduce nausea
meds: fluoride- nursing implications montior serum fluoride levels and report levels outside normal range (95-185 ng/ml)
meds: fluoride- normal serum flouride levels 95-185 ng/ml
meds: fluoride- pt teaching maintain adequate calcium intake
why are weight bearing exercises helpful promote bone growth (walking or low impact aerobics)
is swimming a weight bearing exersice no
what is the most common spinal change kyphosis, fm shrinks
what is osteopenia a precurser to osteoporosis
side effects of calcium supplements abd. discomfort, bloating, constipation, hypercalcemia
why does calcium med have to be taken seperately with synthroid b/c synthroid won't be absorbed
med: evista (raloxifene): use osteoporosis preventive tx
med: evista (raloxifene): side effects hot flashes, flulike s/s, arthralgia, rhinitis, increased cough, risk for DVT
Created by: jmkettel
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