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M6 10-10 Nervous
M6 10-10 by Mary K
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System includes the... | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | all nerves |
| ANS Stands for? | Autonomic Nervous System |
| Neurons have 3 MAIN parts they are? | Dendrites, Cell body of neuron, and Axon |
| Axons conduct impulses____from cell body of neuron | AWAY |
| There are three different types of Neurons they are... | 1. Sensory (afferent) 2. Motor (efferent) 3. Interneurons |
| Sensory (afferent) Neuron | Conducts impulses to the spinal cord and brain. |
| Motor (efferent) Neuron | Conduct impulses AWAY from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | Conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| Glia (neuralgia) | Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally. |
| Three main types of glial cells of the CNS | 1. Astrocytes 2. Microglia 3. Oligodendrocytes |
| Nerve | Bundle of peripheral axons |
| Tract | Bundle of central axons |
| White Matter | Tissue comopsed primarily of myelinated axons (nerves or tracts) |
| Gray Matter | Tissue composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers. |
| Nerve Coverings | Fibrous connective tissue |
| Endoneurium | Surrounds individual fibers within a nerve |
| Perineurium | Surrounds a group (fascicle) of nerve fibers. |
| Reflex Arcs | Nerve impulses are conducted from receptors to effectors over neuron pathways or reflex arcs; conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex (that is, contraction by a muscle or secretion by a gland) |
| Cranial Nerve #1 is | Olfactory - Sense of Smell |
| Cranial Nerve #2 is | Optic - Vision |
| Cranial Nerve #3 is | Oculomotor - Eye Movements |
| Cranial Nerve #4 is | Trochlear - Eye Movements |
| Cranial Nerve #5 is | Trigeminal - Sensations of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements. |
| Cranial Nerve #6 is | Abducens - Eye Movements |
| Cranial Nerve #7 is | Facial - Sense of taste, contraction of muscles of facial expression |
| Cranial Nerve #8 is | Vestibulocochlear - Hearing, sense of balance |
| Cranial Nerve #9 is | Glossopharyngeal - Sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movemets, secretion of saliva. |
| Cranial Nerve #10 is | Vagus - Sensations of throat and larynx and of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of peristalsis. |
| Cranial Nerve #11 is | Accessory - From brain to certain shoulder and neck muscles. |
| Cranial Nerve #12 is | Hypoglossal - Tongue Movements |
| How many Cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| How many Spinal nerves are there? | 31 pairs |
| Anosmia | Complete or partial loss of smell. |
| Nodes of Ranvier | The nerve impulse “jumps” across this gap. This jumping is known as saltatory conduction. Transmits the nerve impulse faster. |
| Cranial Nerve I is the only CN that arises directly from what? | The Brain |
| CN2-CN12 Arise from what? | The Brainstem |
| Everything that is interpreted in the brain is interpreted in the______. | Cortex |
| Cranial nerves 3,4,6 are responsible for what kind of movement. | Eye Movement |
| True or False? The Cranial Nerve 5 (AKA Trigeminal) is the largest CN. | TRUE |
| The Trigeminal (CN 5) Carries sensation from parts of the __________. | Face and Eye |
| What is Bell's Palsy? | Temporary facial paralysis resulting from damage or trauma to one or two of the facial nerves. |
| The Vagus nerve is a _____ nerve. | Mixed....it involves both the somatic and autonomic nervous system. |
| The LONGEST cranial nerve is the ???? | Vagus Nerve |
| Cranial Nerve 11 is also called the _____. | Accesory nerve...it helps you shrug |
| The TIP of the tongue helps us taste? | SWEET!! |
| The sides of the tongue are where we taste??? | Sour |
| The entire tongue registers.... | SALTY flavors yarrrr |
| The back of the tongue enables us to taste? | BITTER....bitter beer face? |
| Neurons conduct Impulses and Glia support.....? | Neurons |
| Myelinated nerves are____matter. | White |
| Unmyelinated nerves are ____ matter. | Gray |
| True or False? The nerve impulse must travel the entire length of the axon. | True |
| Synaptic conduction involves 3 parts: | Presynaptic neuron. Synaptic cleft. Postsynaptic neuron. |
| The presynaptic neuron is the.... | Transmitting Neuron |
| Synaptic cleft is the? | tiny space between neurons. |
| The neurotransmitter acetylcholine diffuses and.... | the impulse leaps this space. |
| The postsynaptic neuron is the..... | receiving neuron!! |
| The most numerous type of synapse is the | chemical synapse |
| Two factors influence the rate of conduction of the impulse: | The axon’s diameter. The presence (or absence) of a myelin sheath. |
| Reflex Arc | The simplest of nerve pathways. Mediates a reflex action. Neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. |
| Most high-level brain functions take place in the_______. | Cerebrum |
| Its two large hemispheres make up approximately 85 percent of the brain's weight | Cerebrum |
| Cerebral Cortex | The exterior surface of the cerebrum |
| It is convoluted, folded, grayish layer of cell bodies known as the gray matter.... | Cerebral Cortex |
| The gray matter covers an underlying mass of fibers called the_______. | white matter |
| Most high-level brain functions take place in the_______. | Cerebrum |
| Its two large hemispheres make up approximately 85 percent of the brain's weight | Cerebrum |
| Cerebral Cortex | The exterior surface of the cerebrum |
| It is convoluted, folded, grayish layer of cell bodies known as the gray matter.... | Cerebral Cortex |
| The gray matter covers an underlying mass of fibers called the_______. | white matter |
| Most high-level brain functions take place in the_______. | Cerebrum |
| Its two large hemispheres make up approximately 85 percent of the brain's weight | Cerebrum |
| Cerebral Cortex | The exterior surface of the cerebrum |
| It is convoluted, folded, grayish layer of cell bodies known as the gray matter.... | Cerebral Cortex |
| The gray matter covers an underlying mass of fibers called the_______. | white matter |
| Approximately _______ of the cortical surface is hidden in the folds | two-thirds |
| Cerebrum is divided into five lobes: | Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula |
| Frontal Lobe | Play a part in: Impulse control. Judgment. Language production. Working memory. Motor function. Sexual behavior. Socialization. Spontaneity. The frontal lobes assist in planning, coordinating, controlling, and executing behavior. |
| Pareital Lobe | Plays important roles in: Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body. Knowledge of numbers and their relations. Manipulation of objects. Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with spatial processing. |
| Temporal Lobe | Sound processing is controlled by the temporal lobes. Center for hearing, taste and smell. Temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere receives and interprets sounds as words (Auditory receptive aphasia). |
| Occipital Lobe | Functional visual areas. |
| Insula | Process convergent information to produce an emotionally relevant context for sensory experience. |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates body movements. MAIN CENTER FOR MUSCLE CONTROL (SKILLED) Located at the lower back of the brain beneath the occipital lobes, the cerebellum is divided into two lateral (side-by-side) lobes. |
| All motor activity, from hitting a baseball to fingering a violin, depends on the______? | cerebellum. |
| The Thalamus | Two rounded masses of gray tissue lying within the middle of the brain. |
| FACT: Thalamus | The main relay station for incoming sensory signals to the cerebral cortex and for outgoing motor signals. |
| Control of many of the body's vital drives and activities, such as eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sleep, emotional behavior, and sexual activity. | The Hypothalamus |
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