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constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
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cessation of spontaneous ventilation
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Patient Care Test #2
Ch 13, 14, 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival | homeostasis |
| cessation of spontaneous ventilation | apnea |
| listening to sounds of the body, typically through the use of a stethoscope | auscultation |
| absence of gas from part or the whole of the lungs as a result of failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas from the alveoli | atelectasis |
| measurement of the degree of heat of the deep tissues of the human body | body temperature |
| slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per min. | bradycardia |
| abnormal slowness of breathing | bradypnea |
| profuse sweating | diaphoresis |
| pertaining to dilation, or a period of dilatation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles | diastolic |
| difficult or labored breathing | dyspnea |
| pertaining to or characterized by fever | febrile |
| persistently high arterial blood pressure | hypertension |
| abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes | hyperthermia |
| abnormally low blood pressure; seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of shock | hypotension |
| low body temperature | hypothermia |
| decreased oxygen tension (concentration) in the blood | hypoxemia |
| the reduction of oxygen supply to the tissue | hypoxia |
| insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ, or cavity | intubation |
| increased amounts of fluid within the pleural cavity, usually the result of inflammation | pleural effusion |
| presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity | pneumothorax |
| photoelectric device used for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood | pulse oximeter |
| instrument for measuring blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| pertaining to contraction, or a period of contraction, of the heart (myocardium), especially that of the ventricles | systolic |
| rapidity of the heart action, usually defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per min. | tachycardia |
| abnormal rapidity of breathing | tachypnea |
| mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs | ventilation |
| The primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis are: | * heartbeat * blood pressure * body temperature * respiratory rate * electrolyte balance |
| primary mechanisms that adapt to responses, inside or outside the body, to maintain homeostasis | vital signs |
| The 4 vital signs are: | * body temperature * pulse rate * blood pressure * respiratory rate |
| assessment of the patient's mental alertness that is often reported along with the vital signs | sensorium |
| What is the normal mean body temperature? | 98.6 F |
| the term used to describe the body's maintenance of heat production and heat loss | thermoregulation |
| 5 routes that are commonly used to measure body temperature: | * oral * axillary * tympanic * temporal * rectal |
| the most common method of determining the body temperature of an adult or a cooperative child | oral |
| temperatures obtained by placing a thermometer under a patient's tongue | oral |
| temperatures obtained by placing the thermometer high between the upper arm and the torso | axillary temperature |
| pulse obtained by listening to the chest with a stethoscope and counting each heartbeat | apical pulse |
| plays an important role in regulating heat loss and can initiate peripheral vasodilation and sweating to dissipate body heat | hypothalamus |
| Oral temperatures in healthy adults and children are within the narrow range of ______ to ______ degrees F | 97.7 to 99.5 F or 36.5 to 37.5 C |
| Axillary temperatures register slightly ________ than oral readings | lower |
| Rectal and Temporal temperatures register approximately 1 degree F ________ than oral readings | higher |
| When the oral temperature is higher than _______ , a fever exists | 99.5 degrees F |
| When the patient's temperature falls below the normal range, ________ is said to be present | hypothermia |
| Respiratory rate are measured as the number of breaths per minute; normal range at rest is ____ to ____ breaths per minute | 12 to 20 |
| Children under the age of 10 years have slightly ________ respiratory rates | increased |
| the average respiratory rate for children under the age of 10 years is: | 20 to 30 breaths per minute |
| the average respiratory rate for newborns is: | 30 to 60 breaths per minute |
| the term used to describe respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute in the case of an adult patient | tachypnea |
| True or False: Under normal conditions, the pulse can be palpated at superficially located arteries. | True |
| 3 common sites used for measuring pulse rate are: | * Radial artery * Brachial artery * Carotid artery |
| List 7 places on the body where pulse can be assessed: | * Carotid artery * Brachial artery * Radial artery * Femoral artery * Popliteal * Posterior tibial * Pedal |
| Resting pulse rate in the normal adult very from: | 60 to 100 beats per min. |
| A normal pulse range for children under the age of 10 yrs is between: | 70 to 120 beats per min. |
| What continually monitors the patient's heart rate and rhythm? | electrocardiogram |
| a catheter that is inserted into an artery and is connected to a pressure transducer that is attached to a monitor | arterial line |
| a noninvasive device used to provide ongoing assessment of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood and the patient's pulse rate | pulse oximeter |
| What are normal pulse oximeter values for a healthy person? | between 95% and 100% |
| Blood pressure is a measure of the ________ exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart | force |
| the constant pressure that is exerted on the arterial vessels by the blood when the heart is relaxed | diastolic pressure |
| The peak pressure present during contraction of the heart is known as the: | systolic pressure |
| Normal blood pressure in the healthy adult includes a systolic pressure of less than ______ mm/Hg and a diastolic pressure of less than ______ mm/Hg | 120 systolic and 80 diastolic |
| Persistent elevation of blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is known as: | hypertension |
| Hypertension is persistent elevation of blood pressure above: | 140/90 mm Hg |
| Hypotension is defined as low blood pressure and may be identified by a blood pressure of less than: | 95/60 mm Hg |
| a method of delivering oxygen that is well tolerated by the patient because talking, eating, and sleeping are not hindered | nasal cannula |
| List 5 different kinds of masks used for oxygen therapy: | * Simple * Aerosol * Air-entrainment * Nonrebreathing * Partial rebreathing |
| provide an effective way to deliver accurate, as well as high concentrations of oxygen | masks |
| This type of low flow oxygen mask covers the patient's nose and mouth. It requires oxygen flow rates greater than 6 LPM to prevent an accumulation of carbon dioxide, and delivers 35% to 60% oxygen. | simple oxygen mask |
| This type of mask can deliver a higher percentage of oxygen, prevent exhaled air from being rebreathed and ensure that only oxygen from the device is inhaled. | Nonrebreathing mask |
| This type of mask is similar to a nonrebreathing mask, but it does not contain the valve. | Partial rebreathing mask |
| What percentage of oxygen should a nonrebreathing mask provide? | 100% |
| This type of mask is commonly used when both high oxygen concentrations and humidity are needed. | Aerosol mask |
| This type of mask provides consistent concentrations of oxygen. | Air-entrainment mask |
| List 2 methods of oxygen delivery that are used on pediatric patients: | * Oxyhoods * Oxygen tents |
| These types of tubes are most commonly called chest tubes and are used to drain the intrapleural space and the mediastinum. | Thoracostomy tubes |
| Negative intrapleural pressure can be caused by: | * Pneumothorax * Hemothorax * Pleural effusion * Empyema |
| In the case of ________ and _______, fluids flow with gravity and tend to accumulate near the lung base. | Hemothorax and pleural effusion |
| In the case of ________, thoracostomy placement is required at a higher insertion site in the apical region to drain out air. | Pneumothorax |
| What does CV stand for? | Central Venous |
| These are catheters that are inserted into a large vein to administer chemotherapeutic drugs, parenteral nutrition, manage fluid volume, serve as a conduit for blood analysis and transfusion, and monitor cardiac pressure. | CV lines |
| Which vein is the most common insertion site for central venous catheters? | subclavian |
| These type of tubes are used to manage a variety of respiratory complications and most often inserted via the mouth or nose, but in certain cases, the use of a tracheostomy is necessary. | Endotracheal tubes |
| a gas-producing microorganism | empyema |
| Pulmonary arterial (PA) lines are commonly called: | Swan-Ganz catheters |
| specialized, single, or multilumen CV lines that incoporate a small electrode at the distal end used to monitor pulmonary arterial pressures | Swan-Ganz catheters |
| A high-flow device that delivers consistent concentrations of oxygen | Air-entrainment mask |
| List 5 low-flow devices that can deliver oxygen therapy: | * Nasal cannulas * Simple masks * Aerosol masks * Nonrebreathing masks * Partial Rebreathing masks |
Created by:
kkant
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