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Chemistry concepts
Basic chemistry for Anatomy and Physiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Matter | Makes up all living, and non-living things. |
Inorganic | Compounds that contain carbon. |
Atom | Smallest unit of matter. |
Element | All atoms with the same atomic number. |
Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucles of an atom. |
Mass number | The weight number of protons and neutrons in an atom combined. |
Isotope | Forms of an element whose atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons. |
Orbital | S,P,D,F. |
Octet rule | Every eight elements on the periodic table have similar characteristics. |
Half-life | time reuqired for half the atoms of a given amount of a radioactive tracer to disintegrate. |
Radioactive tracer | a radioactive substance traced through an organ system. |
Dissociation | The break down of a molecule in a soltuion to form ions. |
Ionic bond | A molecular bond created by the attraction of ions with opposite charges. Metal and a non-metal. |
Ionization | The breakdown of a molecule in a solution to form ions. |
molecular formula | A chemical formula that indicates the kinds of atoms and number of each kind in a molecule of a compound. |
Structural formula | A chemical formula showing the linkage of atoms. |
Acid | A substance with a PH level of 6 or less. |
Base | A substance with a Ph level of 8 or more. |
Hydrogen ion | H+ |
Hydroxide ion | OH- |
Buffer | a compound that stabilizes the Ph of a solution by removing or releasing hydrogen ions |
Nonpolar covalent bond | Negatively charged bond of ions. |
Polar covalent bond | Positively charged bond of ions. |
Anion | An ion with a negative charge. |
Cation | An ion with a positive charge. |
Hydrophobic | Incapable of freely association with water molecules; insoluble. |
Hydration | Classes of compounds containing chemically combined water. |
Hydrophilic | Freely association with water; readily entering into solution. |
Bound water | an extremely thin layer of water surrounding mineral surfaces. |
Surface tension | the elastic-like force existing in the surface of a body, especially liquids, tending to minimize the area of the surface. |
Capillarity | Small blood vessel located between an anteriole and venule, whose thing wapp permits diffusion of gasses, nutrients, and wastes. |
Specific heat | number of calories necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degrees celsius. |
Heat of vaporization | the heat absorbed per unit mass of a given material at its boiling point that converts the material to a gas at the same temp. |
Solvent | the fluid component of a solution. |
Solute | any material dissolved in a solution. |
Aqueous solution | a solution in water. |