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My Study Questions 2
Define
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Speeds up clotting by adding glass,silica gel | clot activators |
| Keeps blood from clotting | anticoagulants |
| Basal state | Body's resting state early in morning after a 12 hr fast |
| Reference range | normal laboratory values for healthy person |
| Hemoconcentration | The decrease in fluid content of the blood with an increase of RBC. Tourniquet left on to long |
| Hemolysis | RBC are damaged. The hemoglobin goes in the fluid portion of the blood. Hemoglobin is what makes RBC red in color. |
| Problem sites with impaired circulation | Burns, scars, tattoo's |
| Arterial lines | catheter that goes in artery |
| How many bones are in a human body | 206 |
| How many muscles are in a human body | 700 |
| How many liters of blood are in a human body | 5 liters |
| How many cells are in a human body | 30 trillion |
| How many miles of blood vessels are in a human body | 25 miles |
| Anatomy is | Structural composition of the body |
| Physiology is | function |
| What are Body Cavities | Large hollow space where your organs are housed |
| What is in the Dorsal cavity | Pertains to the back of the body that includes the cranial and spinal cavity |
| Cranial Cavity holds | The brain |
| Spinal Cavity holds | the spinal cord |
| What is the Ventral Cavity | Pertains to the front of the body that includes thoracic,heart and lungs |
| Abdominal Cavity holds | Houses stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, pelvic cavity |
| Pelvic cavity holds | urinary, bladder, reproduction organs |
| Homeostasis is | Body's normal state and balance for equilibrium |
| Metabolism is | physical and chemical reaction to food, alcohol,drugs etc. |
| Catabolism is | Destructive process, breaks down and uses what it needs for energy and gets rid of the rest |
| Anabolism is | Constructive process breaks down & converts to where you need it and keeps it there. |
| Cells are | Basic structure of all life |
| Tissue is | groups of cells that join together for a specific function |
| Connective tissue does what | supports and connects all parts of the body, fat, cartilage, bone, blood |
| Epithelial tissue is what | covers and protects your body, lines organs/vessels/cavities |
| Muscles do what | contract to produce movement |
| Nerves do what | sent electrical impulses to our brain |
| Organs are groups of | tissue that group together for a specific function |
| Skeletal System does what | bones, protects organs,storage for calcium and minerals |
| Muscular System does what | gives your body ability to move, produces heat, cushion for bones |
| Integumentary System is the | skin, largest organ in the body. protects your body from infection, and dehydration |
| Nervous System does what | sends electrical impulses to the brain and controls activities |
| Endocrine System consists of and does what | thyroid and pituitary gland, regulates hormones and metabolism |
| Digestive System consists of and does what | includes stomach, mouth, intestines, breaks down food to absorb and eliminate it. Has more organs then any other system in the body |
| Reproductive System consists of and does what | only system that is gender separate. to create life. ovaries, testes, penis. uterus |
| Urinary system consists of and does what | bladder, kidney. filters waste and eliminate it |
| Respiratory System consists of and does what | lungs, delivers constant supply of oxygen and carry's away co2 (carbon dioxide) away |
| Vascular system consists of and works with what | blood and blood cells work with the heart |
| Lymphatic system lives in what body organ and does what | WBC live in spleen and protect body from microorganisms and impurities |
| Sensory system consists of | eyes, ears, nose |
| Plaintiff is who | Patient that is injured |
| Defendant is who | Complaint is filed against |
| Discovery is what | Taking a deposition and investigate parties involved |
| Deposition is what | One party questions another under oath while a court reporter records |
| Civil Action means what | Injured party sues for monetary (money) damages |
| Tort means what | Wrongful act against property, person, reputation, other legally protected rights. Individual intitled for damages awarded by court |
| Assault is | Act or threat causing another to be in immediate fear |
| Battery is | Putting hands on others, offensive touching, use of force w/o consent |
| Consent is | Implied expressed, informed, parental, refusal of consent to perform |
| Fraud is | Deceitful practice or false portrayal by words or conduct |
| Invasion of privacy | Violation of ones right to be left alone. Physical intrusion, unauthorized publishing, release of private information |
| Breach of confidentiality | Failure to keep medical info private |
| Malpractice | Negligence committed by a professional |
| Res Ipsa Loguitor (Latin) | Let the thing speak for itself. Always cover your actions and document |
| Respondent Superior | Let the master respond |
| Standard of Care | Normal level of skill you as medical professional would be expected to follow |
| Statute of Limitations | Sets a length of time after the injury that the injured party can sue |
| Vicarious Liability | Liability imposed by law on one person for acts committed by another |
| Lab Identifications are | Labels, requisition, verbal name |
| Hospital Identifications are | Labels, bracelet, verbal name |
| Identification | Most important aspect of specimen collection, wrist band, verbal name |
| Equipment | Needles, lancet, safety seals, check bevels, use everything one time |
| Evacuated Tubes check for | Check expiration dates, rubber stoppers, make sure glass not broken or cracked |
| Labeling should be | Must be EXACT |
| Technique is known as | Proper instruction |
| STAT means what | Do now, always important, by Doctors request |
| Therapeutic drug monitoring means | On scheduled intervals |
| Delta checks means | Current test results checked with a previous test that is compared |
| QA | Quality Assurance, making sure that you are giving quality care and proper phone skills |
| QC | Quality Control, over QA making sure they are going their jobs |
| Threshold Values | Normal level of acceptability, a level that can't be assured |
| Bio Hazard Trash | cotton balls, gauze, prof. towels, tourniquets, gloves |
| Regular Trash | Packing materials, plastic cups |
| Sharps containers trash | needles, ETS, butterfly, syringes, tubes, hubs, hemo tubes. |
| Describe the Heart | Fist size, thoracic cavity, beats 1000 times a day, basil state 60-100 beats per minute |
| Physiology of the heart | transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells, electrical conduction system |
| 4 main parts of the heart | left and right atria and left and right ventricles |
| Describe septum and what it prevents | muscular wall that divides heart in left and right sides and keeps O2 from mixing with CO2 |
| CO2 | di-oxygenated blood carbon dioxide |
| O2 | oxygenated blood |
| Name the 5 types of blood vessels | Arteries, arterioles, capillaries,venules, veins |
| Arteries purpose | carry blood away from heart |
| Arterioles what are they | very small arteries |
| Capillaries what do they do | exchange |
| Venules what are they | small veins |
| veins purpose | brings blood back to heart |
| Largest artery | aorta |
| Largest vein | vena cava |
| Exceptions for arteries | all arteries carry O2 blood except the pulmonary artery it carries CO2 |
| Exceptions for veins | all veins carry CO2 blood except the pulmonary veins they carry O2 |
| Pericardium what is it | protective sack surrounding the heart |
| 3 layers of the heart | epicardium - outside myocardium - middle endocardium - inside |
| Cardiac cycle is | One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart |
| SA Node does what | structure that generates the electrical impulse that initiates heart contraction |
| Pacemaker | SA Node |
| Murmurs are what | abnormal heart sounds due to faulty valve action |
| Heart rate | number of heart beats per minute the average is 60-100 (You do not die from) |
| Arrhythmia | heart not making a complete beat and you can die from this |
| Bradycardia | slow heart beat less that 60 per minute |
| Tachycardia | fast rate over 100 beats per minute |
| Fibrillation | vibrate uncoordinated contractions |
| Systolic | pressure in your arteries during a contraction of your ventricles |
| Diastolic | arterial pressure during relaxation of your ventricles |
| Sphygmomanometer | blood pressure cuff |
| Thrombocytes are | platelets, smallest of your formed eliminates |
| Buffy coat | WBC & platelets layer of cells in a anticoagulant tube, the middle of red cells and plasma |
| Plasma | fluid portion of the blood when no clotting has taken place |
| Serum | processed in centrifuged fluid portion of your blood after the clotting has taken place, no longer fibrin in it and pulls it to the bottom |
| Names of sticks | capillaries stick, finger sticks, dermal, heel sticks |
| Lancet | Sterile, disposable,sharp pointed or blade, range of debth & length, age, draw site |
| What is in Capillary Blood | arterial, venous, capillary and tissue fluid |
| 3rd and 4th fingers should be used for | finger sticks middle and ring finger only 2 sites on each finger. 1st finger usually callisted. Can not have air bubbles, must be filled to line. Cold hands will make it hard to draw |
| Microcollection containers are also called | bullets |
| Microhemotocrit tubes and sealant clay are also called | microcollection container |
| Flea-Stirrers-Mixer do what | Mixes anticoagulant and blood. They are small metal filing |
| Warming helps | Warm where ever you draw if fingers are cold you will have 7x better chance of success |
| Indications for capillary puncture | Only need a small amount of blood, WIC, Diabeties (Glucose), No good veins (burn victum) perform for under age 2 |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflamation of bone marrow and bone if you puncture to deep |
| Osteochondritis | Inflamation of the bone and the cartledge |
| Cancaneus is | Heel bone |
| You should never stick a Posterior curvature why | never stick the bottom of the U of the heel |
| Do Not Puncture | ears, big toes, site that was prevoiusly punctured, arch of foot, infants no deeper than 2.0mm,massectomy side, thumb, pinky finger (not fat) |
| HDN is what | Blood disease in new borns. Jaundice, bileruben levels high. Death, brain damage, mental retardation |
| Phenylketonuria | PKU genetic disorder. |
| High Amino acids could cause | brain damage & die |
| Hypothyroidism | Not enough thryroid hormones, effects brain, developement and growth |
| Galactosemia | Lactose intolerant, inherited disorder, sugar |
| Blood spot collection | filter paper |
| Neutrophils | WBC |
| Lymphocytes | WBC |
| Monocytes | WBC |
| Basophils | WBC |
| Eosinophils | WBC |
| Blood film or smear | drop of blood that is spread very thin on a microscope slide |
| Differential check | WBC for type and amount |
| Feather | 1 dot smeared between 2 slides. The thinnest part of the smeared edge. Most tests done this way |
| Thick blood smear is and test for | Testing for Malaria, destruct RBC and eat each other causes anemia and die. |
| Negative smears | Absence of feather, holes in the smear, ridges or uneven thickness, smear too thick, too short, too long, too thin, streaks or tails in feathered edge |
| Blood Bank Specimens are for | transfusions-pink tube, lavendar tube, red tube, ID is very strict |
| Typenex | Bracelet with carbon copy for tube/file/sample labels. Red/white tube |
| Blood Donor | get medical exam, sometimes get paid, phleb. are mobile. |
| Look Back Program | Red Cross, Carter Blood, Planned Parenthood clinics. Any transmitted disease has to call donor and find out who their partners are and let them all know that they are infected. |
| Blood Cultures-SPS | Broth (dark brown liquid) alway use butterfly needle |
| Bacteremia | Bacteria in blood |
| Septicemia | microorganisms or toxins in blood |
| Autologous | self donated blood |
| Aerobic bottle | collect this bottle 1st, because butterfly tube has air in it |
| Anaerobic bottle | collect this bottle 2nd because there is no air in this bottle and butterfly tube has left air in 1st bottle |
| Type screen & cross match | antigen + & - mix, the mother will become very ill and the baby will die |
| Skin antiseptics in blood cultures do what | Destructs microorganisms, critical in culture bottles (benzalkonum chloride need to be used) |
| ARD is what | Anti microbiotic removal device |
| Fas-Fest | charcoal neutralizes, drug overdose |
| D-Xylose absorption - pintose | body can not break down sugar in citrus fruit |
| 2 hours postprandial means | after meal, glucose test for disease |
| Glucose Tolerance Test tests for what | GTT body can not break down sugar, test for diabetes |
| Hyperglucemia | to much glucose |
| hypoglycemia | to little glucose |
| Lactose Tolerance Test what | Enzymes can not convert milk sugar into energy |
| Paternity Test what color tube | test include blood of mother (lavender tube) DNA of father (cheek swab) |
| Amneocentisis how performed and tests for what | Needle inserted in pregnant mother through belly button. Test for down syndrome, spinal bifida |
| Therapiutic Drug Montoring tests for what | TDM test for to much/little drugs in a times test (example tyroid meds) |
| Peak level | test maximum levels w/o being toxic |
| Through level | test on lowest levels w/o being toxic |
| Theraputic Phlebotomy | Over production of RBC phebl. will use a cupping device to remove blood. Usualy donor phlebotomist will perform |
| Polycythemia | To many RBC |
| Hemochromatosis | Excess iron in blood (Asian culture very prevalent) |
| Toxicology test for what | Tox screen. Used for legal purposes.Follow Chain of Custody. Test for poison etc. Test on hair, urine, blood |
| Forensic Specimens test for what | Result will go to court. Test on breath BAC, urine, DNA. Phlebotomist should have at lease 2 years experience, can refuse to perform test. |
| Blood Alcohol Test | You can not use alcohol wipes. must use BAC or soap and water |
| Point of care Testing test what | Bring lab to patient, glucose , heart, cumaden hand held monitor divices. |
| Bleeding Time- BT | Forearm superficial and get capillary blood, platelet disorder, before surgeries |
| PT | Monitor medications (blood thinner) |
| PTT | Monitor clotting or thinning disorder before surgery (blood thinner) |
| HMT | High heparin in alot of medications |
| ABG who performs test and checks for what | Arterial Blood Gas - Respiratory therapist performs and checks for oxygen in blood |
| Cardia Troponin T is what | Protein specific to the heart muscle |
| Lipid Testing test for | Fat Cholesterol (Bad LDL low density) (Good HDL high density) |
| B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) | Heart hormone |
| Glycose testing | POCT Point of care testing |
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin monitors what | Tool that monitors diabetes |
| Hematocrit (HCY) H&H Test for what | PCV-Packed cell volumn (anemia) |
| Hemoglobin (Lgb) H&H test for what | Monitors iron for anemia |
| Occult blood (Guaiac)test for what | Hidden blood in stool (fecus) test for digestive disorder/ulcer/cancer |
| Pregnancy test what chemical | test HCG (placenta fluid) in urine and serum. can be tested 8-10 days after concemption Red Tube |
| Skin Test tests for what | Intradermal injection within the skin. Test for mold/fungus, TB |
| Strep test how tested for | Test with Huge Qtip for strep throat |
| Urinalysis tests for what | Test for chemicals, physical and microscopic blood bacterial, glucose. proteins, alcohol. Use reagent strips to test for PH levels on acid and alcholine |
| Phlebotomist Responsibilities | Draw blood, and non-blood specimens, instruction, transport, label, computer. Treat non-blood with universal precautions (treat all test like they are all diseased |
| Urine test who test for what | Most common test. Nurse will perform on inpatients, phelb. will perform on outpatients |
| Routine urine test tests for what | physical, clarity, color, order strong (dehydrated), specific gravity (small pieces) |
| Chemical urine test tests for what | test for bacteria, WBC blood protein, glucose |
| Microscope urine test looks for | looks at cells, crystals, microorganisms |
| CNS Culture and Sensitivity urine test tests for | Clean catch, test urine to see what antibiotic will effectively cure UTI, collect in amber tube, if out more than 1 hr refrig. |
| Random type of urine specimens | collect anytime |
| Time type urine specimens how is test performed | 1st morning urine void, timed tolerance, 24 hour, double voided void 1sr morn. urine |
| Cytetology tests for what | Clean catch of urine. test for PAP test, cancer, virus, inflammation |
| Urine drug screen tests for | Test for chemicals, recreational drug use, steriods, drug overdoses including perscriptions. Collect in a covered chemical free container. |
| Pregnancy urine test HCG test at what time of day | 1st morning void (most concentrated), no special collection. Test for melanoma, tumors, cancer |
| Regular Urine collection method | urinate in clean cup |
| Midstread Urine collection method | start to void in toilet stop collect urine in container stop and void remainder in toilet |
| Catherized urine collection method | Infants just born, or after surgery procedures |
| Supra pubic urine collection method | Inject needle above pubic bone and extract urine |
| Pediactric urine collection method | adhesive urine (condom like) devise that attaches to the genitals of children |
| What is Amniotic fluid | Fluid that surrounds fetus inside the uterius. |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Test how is test done and what is tested for | Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. A needle is injected into spine to collect spinal fluid to test for meningitis |
| Gastric Fluid is found where | Stomach fluids, gastric acids |
| Nasopharyngeal Secretions test tests where on body and tested for what | Nasal, larynx. test with a long Qtip for diptheria,H1N1 |
| Saliva test how is test performed and what do you test for | mouth swab sponge. Test for hormones, alcohol, drug abuse, DNA |
| Semen test how is test performed and what do they test for | collect semen in a steril container. Test for fertility, sterility after vasectomy |
| Serous Fluid test is found on what body part and what do they test for | Surrounds and lubricates lungs and heart. Test for inflammation or infection |
| Sputum test on what and for what | mucus, phlem, test for respitory infection, TB |
| Sweat test how tested and tested for what | Test electrodes for cystic fibrosis |
| Synoval Fluid found where and tested for what | Lubrication for joints. Increase of fluid indicates inflammation from, arthritis/gout etc |
| Buccal Swabs use where and test for what | Long stick with sponge on end to swab inside of cheek for DNA |
| Bone Marrow how is is extracted and what do they test for | Withdrawl marrow with a 14-18 ga. needle. Test for blood disease, cancer, chromosome, bacterial culture. Extracted from hip and chest bone |
| Lactose-C-urea test how is test performed and what do they test for | breath samples taken after drinking a thick drink mixture |
| H-Pylori Test how is test performed and what do they test for | breath samples taken to test for hydrogen, bacteria, peptic ulcers |
| Feces (stool) test tests for what | Test for gastrointestinal disorder, parasites (ova-eggs), pinworms, hook worms, keep at room temp. Fat Uro test checking for fats in liver needs refrig. |
| Hair testing detects what | Test for heavy metals, lead poison, drug abuse, chronic drug use but not recent use |
| Throat swabs used for what test | Used for strep throat |
| Tissue Specimens are tested for | Biopsy for cancer |
| Cerner is a what | Commonly used computer system in medical field |
| Accession number is | patient hopital number that in on file forever. Labels, test, bracelet all have same number |
| Handling of tubes should be inverted how many times | Invert tubes at least 5 times |
| Transporting tube specimen protocal | Stopper on top (tube upright) |
| Transporting biohazard liquid | Make sure to put liquid in a leak proff container with secure lid. Place in a leak proof container or bag with paper work in pocket of bag |
| Transporting vacume tubes | Place tube in plastic bag and put paper work in pocket of bag then place in a shock resistant container |
| Currier-mail service follows what guide lines | Follow DOT & FAA quide lines |
| Timed Delivery & Specimens should be back in lab in how many minutes | Draws need to be back in lab within 45 min. to be centrifuged or tested, also STAT needs to be in lab ASAP |
| Body Temp. Specimens should not be colder than how many degrees or what will happen | if blood is colder than 98 deg. use a warmer or blood will clump |
| Chilled Specimens keep ? rate lower. never chill ? | Crushed ice and water to keep metabolic rate lower. (never chill potassium) |
| Light sensitive specimens should be put in what | Use amber tube/cup/foil. Used for bilirubin (liver)testing |
| Centrifuge does what and how many times can you centrefuge a tube | Machine that separates blood. Only centrifuge tubes once. |
| What test is most likely to result in fatal consequences for the patient if the specimen is misidentified? | Type and crossmatch |
| What test requires special chain of custody documentation when collected? | Drug Screen |
| The most critical aspect of blood culture collection? | Skin antisepsis |
| A 2 hours postprandial specimen should be drawn when? | 2 hours after the person has had a meal |
| When a specimen is collected for legal reasons a strict ? method of tracking the specimen must be performed? | Chain of Custody |
| What test specimen is collected from patients with FOU to rule out spticemia? | Blood culture |
| What should be avoided during a GTT? | Chewing sugarless gum, drinking sugar-free tea, smoking |
| Which tube is used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch? | Nonadditive red top |
| TDM is used by physicians to? | Determine a beneficial drug dosage for a patient |
| Which test requires strict skin antisepsis procedures before specimen collection? | Blood culture |
| Which artery is typically the easiest to access during low cardiac output? | Femoral |
| The artery of choice for ABG collection is? | radial |
| The normal needle size for a ABG is? | 25-26 |
| A proper cleaning solution for preparing an arterial puncture is? | Povidone-iodine |
| What is the best way to tell that a speciman is arterial? | Blood appears bright cherry red |
| What is the proper needle insertion angle for radial artery punture? | 45 |
| What is the proper needle insertion angle for femoral artery punture | 90 |
| Heparin is used in ABG specimen collection to? | Prevent clotting of the specimen |
| What is the most common arterial punture complication even when proper technique is used? | Hematoma |
| The measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a patient's blood is know as? | PH |
| The most common local ansthetic used to ease a patient during an ABG procedure? | Lidocaine |
| When blood leaks into the surrounding tissue after an ABG prodecure a ? may form? | Hematoma |
| What artery is released 1st in an allen test? | Ulnar |
| What hormone is detected within 8-10 days after conception? | HCG |
| What is the fluid called around the heart? | peritoneal |
| The fluid found around the fetus is? | Amniotic |
| Urine collected directly from the bladder through a tube is called? | Catherter |
| Urine specimen is aspirated directly through the wall of the bladder using a needle and syringe? | Suprapubic |
| Sputum is collected to diagnose what? | Tuberculosis |
| Does amniotic fluid need to be protected from light? | Yes |
| Drugs of abuse can be detected how? | hair, saliva, urine, blood |
| A first morning specimen is preferred for HCG testing because it is? | more concentrated |
| An NP culture swab is collected to detect the presence of orgainisms the cause? | Whooping cough |
| A urine C&S test is typically ordered to detect | Presence of UTI |
| A refrigerated stool sample would NOT be suitable for this test? | Ova and parasites (O&P) |
| Which of the following tests requires a 24 hr urine specimen? | Creatinine clearance |
| Which test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis? | Sweat chloride for ages 17 and under |
| What additional information is required when labeling a nonblood specimen? | Specimen type and source, military time and initials |
| What fluid is obtained by lumbar puncture | cerebrospinal |
| Does ASAP or Med Emerg specimens need to be attended to before routine specimens | Yes |
| Ideally, should routine blood specimens arrive at the lab within 2 hours? | Yes |
| The handling of a specimen before it is actually tested is known as the ? phase? | Preanalytical phase |
| Should creatinine in an SST tube be centrifuged immediately upon arrival in specimen processing? | Yes |
| If a patient is taking heparin, would the specimen take longer or a shorter time to clot? | Longer |
| Placing tubes of equal size and volume opposite one another is the proper centrifuge operation? Yes or no | yes |
| Should potassium specimen be put on ice? | No |
| Does an ammonia specimen need to be chilled? what tube | Yes and drawn in a green tube |
| Can a hemolyzed specimen with magnesium, most enzyme test, and potassium test be performed? | No |
| Transporting tubes with the stopper up minimizes what? | aerosol formation upon stopper removal |
| You have a requisition for a test with which you are unfamiliar. How do you determine what tube to use and how to collect and handle the specimen? | Refer to the user manual |
| What is used by the laboratory to identify a specimen thoughout the testing process? | Accession number (MRN #) |
| The forearm vein most commonly used for venipuncture is the? | Median cubital |
| The smallest veins in the human body are? | Venules |
| The aorta branches into smaller divisions called arteries, which in turn branch into even smaller divisions called? | Arterioles |
| Characteristics of capillaires include? | Having thin walls, forming microscopic pathways, and connecting arterioles with venules |
| Within the capillaires, blood cell function include? | releasing oxygen, binding carbon dioxide, and eliminating waste |
| The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the ? system? | cardiovascular |
| The suffix -URIA at the end of a medical term refers to what body location? | Urine |
| The study of blood is known as? | Hematology |
| The liver, stomach, mouth and pancreas are in the ? system? | Digestive |
| The most important step to ensure accuracy in sample collection is? | Identifying the patient properly |
| The bladder, urethra, kidneys, and ureters are in the ? system? | Urinary |
| The trachea, nose, lungs and pharynx are in the ? system? | Respiratory |
| The sebaceous glands, skin hair and nails are in the ? system? | Integumentary |
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are types of? | White blood cells |
| The common name for the thrombocyte is the? | Platelet |
| The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood sample is known as? | Plasma |
| The instrument that measures blood pressure is called? | Sphygmomanometer |
| An artery can be distingushed from a vein because an artery wil be? | Pulsating |
| Lancets are used to collect blood samples by? | Capillary or skin puncture |
| The abbreviation VAD is commonly used in hospitals to refer to? | Venous access devices |
| To determine the size of the needle, remember that the higher the gauge, the? | Smaller the needle bore |
| Adult capillary punctures most often involve the ? fingers? | Third and fourth (middle and ring) |
| A centrifuge is in a clinical laboratory setting to? | separate liquid from cells in blood |
| The oral glucose tolerance test is used for detection of? | Diabetes |
| What tube color top is used to collect CBC test? | Lavendar |
| What tube color top is used to collect for electrolyte test? | Red |
| What tube color top is used to collect for cholesterol test? | Red |
| Sodium citrate is an additive of choice for coagulation studies because it protects? | Clotting factors |
| When preparing a blood smear directly from a skin punture, it is best to? | Whip away the 1st drop of blood . |
| Order of draw by the NCCLS? | Yellow - SPS - Blood culture - Micro Lab/ Lt. Blue - Sodium citrate - Coagulation Dept/ Red - No Additive - Chem Dept /Green - Sodium/Lithum Heprin - Chem Dept /Lavendar - EDTA - Hemotology Dept /Grey - Sodium Floride/Potassium oxl.ChemDept |
| Steps 10 in the collection order | Greet and identify the patient Explain the procedure to the patient Assemble equipment Clean the venipuncture site Anchor vein Insert needle Collect blood in vacuume tubes Remove tourniquet Dispose of needle Label tubes |
| The purpose of doing a blood culture is to detect? | Septicemia |
| Anticoagulants are used to? | Prevent blood from clotting |
| White blood cells help the body by? | Defending against foreign invaders. |
| Platelets help the circulation by? | Participating in hemostasis |
| When blood seeps into the surrounding tissue during a venipuncture a ? may form? | Hematoma |
| In a patient with a clotting disorder, pressure should be applied to the punture site for at least ? minutes after venipunture to insure blood stoppage? | 5 minutes |
| What are some reasons why a skin punture might be necessary? | Infant, toddler, preschooler, small amount of blood is required, patients veins need preserved for IV therapy |
| All specimens should be labeled with what? | Patients name, date and time the specimen was drawn, and collectors initials |
| When performing a skin punture, squeezing the finger too tightly may dilute the blood with ? and ruin the test? | Tissue fluid |
| One test often used to assess hemostasis before surgery is? | Bleeding time |
| One possible cause of unexpected clotting in an anticoagulated blood tube might be? | Insufficient mixing |
| When performing a venipuncture, position the bevel of the needle? | Facing up |
| If blood does not appear in a evacuated tube upon venipuncture, a phlebotomist's first course of action should be to? | Slightly reposition or turn the needle |
| What would be some of the reasons to redirect a needle during venipuncture? | Vein not properly anchored, patient moves, blood flow starts then stop |
| A vein might be prone to collapse if? | Vacuum tube is to large for vein, syringe plunger was pulled back too quickly |
| Hemolysis would cause rejection of a sample collected for ? testing? | Potassium |
| If a patient is prone to syncope during venipuncture, the phlebotomist should? | Watch in case of fainting |
| A tube of blood that arrives in the lab without a label should be? | Rejected automatically |
| If a blood sample should be collected 2 hours post-pradial, the phelb. should collect the sample when? | 2 hours after a meal |
| Knowing when to collect peak and trough levels is important when drawing what? | Therapeutic drugs |
| A pre-warming technique may be used to what? | Increase patient's tendency to bleed |
| The role of all anticoagulants is ultimately to prevent formation of what? | Fibrin |
| The anticoagulant EDTA works by? | Binding calcium |
| If the tourniquet is not released befoe the needle is withdrawn from the arm during venipuncture, this will most likely result to? | Bleeding from the site. |
| Is bilirubin light sensitive? | Yes |
| The ?what must be followed exactly whenever drawing patient test samples that may be used in a legal preceeding? | Chain of custody |
| The anticoagulant SPS is recommended for use in blood cultures because it? | Does NOT inhibit bacterial growth |
| Before entering an inpatient room if the door is closed, the phelb. should always what? | Knock, ask permission to enter, and check for isolation signage |
| Before entering designated isolation rooms, the phelb. should always? | Check requirement on signs |
| The single most important means of preventing the spread of infection in a hospital is by? | Hand washing |
| The mos prevalent type of nonsocomial infections are those of the? | Urinary tract |
| Phleb. have a statistically greater chance of contracting ? in a work-related indicent then they do of contracting AIDS? | Hepatitis |
| Aids is caused by? | HIV virus |
| When performing heelsticks on infants in a hospital nursery, it is important never to? | Share supplies from one infant to another |
| When delivering blood samples to a lab, they should always be transported? | Inside sealed plastic bags |
| If a biohazard spills in the lab, a phleb. should first try to? | Contain the spill safely |
| OSHA required a contaminated needle to be safely discarded into a? | Sharps container |
| In most hospitals, a phelb. with a cough may draw blood from a patient provided the phelb.? | wears a mask, does not have a fever, patient is not in reverse isolation |
| When drawing from pediatric inpatients, a phelb. can increase safety by doing what? | Getting help to control the patient securely, using a smaller bore needle and smaller collection tubes, making sure bedrails remain up |
| To eliminate bacteria from the skin of a bacterial culture venipuncture site a ? is sometimes used in addition to alcohol in the skin cleansing process. | Iodine |
| The term that refers to right and wrong conduct is? | Ethics |
| An unlawful threat or attempt to do bodily injury to another is? | Assault |
| Law protects the health worker if it can be determined that he or she acted reasonably as compared with fellow workers; this is called? | Reasonable care |
| Negligence by a professional person is called? | Malpractice |
| The ability to see things through another persons point of view is called? | Empathy |
| A violation of a persons right not to have their name, photograph, or private affairs made public without giving consent is? | Invasion of privacy |
| Information given by a patient to medical personnel that cannot be disclosed without consent constitutes? | Privileged commnication |
| Failure to do something or not do something that a reasonable person would to under ordinary circumstances thereby causing them harm to another person is called? | Negligence |
| Permission granted by a person voluntarily (and in his right mind) is | Consent |
| A phleb. who attempts to draw blood without sufficient traning could be accused of ? if the prodedure is performed incorrectly, causing harm to the patient? | Incompetence |
| Forcing venipuncture on a patient who has refused it would be considered? | Battery |
| The branch of study of moral issues, questions, and problems arising in the practice of medicine and biomedical research is called? | Bioethics |
| Conduct, courtesy, and manners, customary in the medical profession, is called? | Medical etiquette |
| Each and every patient is entitled to ? as part of his/her patient rights? | Respect and complete care |
| Some suggested methods for controlling on the job stress during phlebotomy might include? | Taking deep breaths if anxious |
| An appropriate means of communicating with a patient who is profoundly hearing impaired might include? | Using written communication |
| What are some of the ways to handle children when performing a phlebotomy? | Talk softly and gently, enlist the help of a parent, tell the truth if asked. |
| In approaching an elderly patient, it is appropriate to call the patient by name using Mr. Mrs. Ms.? | Yes |
| A patient who is making a fist and frowning is exhibiting ? body language? | Uncooperative |
| A rubber or plastic tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening is called? | Catherter |
| A 24 hour urine specimen must be kept? | Refrigerated |
| A chronic disease in which the pancreas fails to secrete enough insulin is called? | Diabetes mellitus |
| The purpose of the bleeding time test is to access? | Platelet plug formation in the capillaires |
| Diurnal rhythms refer to variations in the bodys functions or fluids that occur during? | Every 24 hours |
| EMLA is an emulsion of lidocaine and prilocaine that be used to? | Topically anesthetize a draw site |
| Another name for red blood cells is? | Erythrocytes |
| The artery located in the groin, lateral to the femur bone, which is used as an alternative site for ABS collection is the? | Femoral |
| The federal law that was expanded in 2000 to protect the confidentiality of electronically stored health information is abbreviated as? | HIPPA |
| The study of all aspects of disease in the body is known as? | Pathology |
| The phase of laboratory testing that refers to test orders, test collection and test sample preparation are all part of the ? phase? | Pre-analytical |
| A patient in reverse isolation has been so placed because s/he? | Needs protection from others carrying infection |
| EDTA is in what tube? | Anticoagulant in lavender top tube |
| NaCitrate is in what tube? | Sodium citrate in a lt. blue top tube |
| ABG meaning? | Arterial blood gases |
| FUO meaning? | Fever of unknown origin |
| STD meaning? | Sexually trasmitted disease |
| H&H meaning? | Hemoglobin and hematocrit |
| CBC meaning? | Complete blood count |
| Electrolytes are tested in what tube top color? | Red top or speckled tube |
| QC meaning? | Quality control |
| CDC meaning? | Center for disease control |
| ? are contaminated objects that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to needles, sclpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires | Contaminated sharps |
| Resonable possibility of skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's regular duties is termed? | Occupational exposure |
| Is a uniform part of PPE? | No |
| To use a physical-chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores is to? | Sterilize |
| What is the single most important source of HIV and HBV in the workplace? | Blood |
| OSHA requires that training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens be provided to hospital or clinical employees at who's cost? | Employers |
| All workers whose jobs involve participation in tasks or activities with exposure to blood or other body fluids, to which universal precautions apply, should be vaccinated with a what? vaccine? | Hepatitis B |
| After they are used, disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades andother sharp items, shoul be placed in what? containers for disposal? | Puncture-resistant |
| Broken glassware that may be contaminated should be picked up by ?what? | Mechanical means (broom/dustpan) |
| Contaminated laundry should be ? where it was soiled? | Bagged or containerized at the location |
| A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties is called? | Exposure incident |
| In the health care field when all evaluated services and the results compare with accepted standards, principles of what? have been used? | Quality assurance |
| The federal government requires that specimens are transported or shipped in what? | Watertight containers |
| The classification the physician's office lab (POL) falls into will be determined by what? | Complexity of lab tests performed |
| Test that basically poses insignificant risks to patients if errors occur in the test performance are called what? | Waived tests |
| When you send blood tubes by mail for analysis in a watertight container, they should be enclosed in what? | A second durable watertight container |
| When you send a specimens in the mail, the lable should state what? | Biohazardous materials, in case of breakage, send to CDC and address of lab |
| Yellow Tube Top | Micro Dept./ACD Additive/Blood Culture, DNA, Paternity |
| Lt. Blue Tube Top | Coagulation Dept./Sodium Citrate/PT Protime, PH, PTT Prothrombin Time |
| Red Tube Top | Chem Dept./No Additive/Electrolites, Imm.& Serology, Blood Bank, Crossmatch |
| Green Tube Top | Chem. Dept./Sodium & Lithium Heparin/Check for Heparin dosage, amonia, |
| Lavander Tube Top | Hemotology Dept./EDTA/CBC, Blood bank,crossmatch |
| Grey Tube Top | Chem. Dept/Sodium Fluoride-Potasim Oxalate/Glusoce testing |
| Intermuscular injection needle gauge | 25 |
| Burtterfly or syringe collection needle gauge | 23 |
| ETS or syringe needle gauge | 20-22 |
| IV's or blood donation needle gauge | 16-18 |
| P.A.S.S. means what in fire safety | pull pin/aim nozzel at base of fire/squeeze handle/sweep side to side |
| Principles of radiation safety | distance time shielding |
| Class A fire | Ordinary combustibles:wood, paper, cloth Exting. ABC or A |
| Class B fire | Flammable: liquids, grease, gas, paint, oil Exting. ABC BC |
| Class C fire | Electrical/Equipment: motors, switches Exting. ABC BC Halon |
| Class D fire | metals: magnesium Cover with metelX |
| R.A.C.E. in fire safety | Rescue, Alarm, Confine and close doors, Extinguish |
| Color code blue in safety means | health hazard left side of diamond |
| Color code red in safety means | Fire hazard flammability top of diamond |
| Color code yellow in safety means | reactivity/stability of materials under heat or water right side of diamond |
| Radioacive sign or water sign on safety diamond | Special hazard on bottom of diamond |
| VAD's | Vascular access devices |
| VAD arterial lines | catheter that goes in artery |
| VAD arteriovenous shunt or fistula rule | do not draw or tourniquit. must draw distal/lower or opposite site |
| What do heparin or saline lock's do | they are catheters that administer fluids |
| Intravenous sites are | IV that administers fluids |
| If there previously was an active IV site what do you do when you have to draw | Use other arm |
| What does CVAD mean | Central vascular access device |
| Latrogenic anemia | procedure done several times and more than 10% of blood removed |
Created by:
pbreland
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