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(Respiratory System)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the respiratory system consist of? | Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and two lungs |
| How many c-shaped cartilaginous rings are in the trachea? | 16-20 |
| How big is the trachea in diameter and length? | It is 1/2 inch diameter & 4 1/2 inch in length |
| The rings of the trachea are incomplete posteriorly and extend around the anterior how much of the tube? | 2/3 |
| The trachea is anterior to what? | Esophagus |
| What structure makes the trachea shift to the right slightly? | Arching of the aorta |
| The trachea follows the curve of the vertebral column and extends from its junction with the larynx at what level of the vertebral column? | C6- T4, T5 |
| How far down does the trachea go? | Between T4 and T5 |
| The last tracheal cartilage is elongated and has a hooklike process called what? | Carina |
| At the carina, the trachea divides into 2 lesser tubes called what? | Primary bronchi |
| What is another word for divides? | Bifurcates |
| Which primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the other? | Right Bronchus |
| Which primary bronchus is foreign bodies more likely to pass into? | Right because of its greater diameter and more vertical position |
| How many lobes does the right lobe have? | 3 |
| How many lobes does the left lobe have? | 2 |
| What order does the bronchial tree go? | 1. Primary Bronchus 2. Secondary Bronchus 3. Tertiary Bronchus 4. Smaller Bronchioles 5. Terminal Bronchioles |
| The terminal bronchioles communicate with what? | Alveolar Ducts |
| What is at each end of the alveolar ducts? | Alveolar Sacs |
| What lines the walls of the alveolar sacs? | Alveoli |
| Where is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged by diffusion? | Alveoli |
| What are the organs of respiration? | Lungs |
| What is composed of a light, spongy, highly elastic substance and covered by a layer of serous membrane? | Parenchyma |
| What rounded part of lung reaches above the level of the clavicles? | Apex |
| What part of the lung reaches lower in back and at the sides than in the front? | Base |
| Which lung is about 1 inch shorter than the other? | Right lung |
| What organ occupies space that makes the right lung shorter? | Liver |
| Which surface of the lung conforms with the shape of the chest wall? | Lateral surface |
| Which surface is concave, fitting over the diaphragm? | Inferior surface |
| Which way do the lungs move on inspiration? | They move inferiorly |
| Which way do the lungs move on expiration? | They move superiorly |
| During inspiration, the lateral margins descend into the deep recesses of the parietal pleura what do we call this recess? | Costophrenic angle |
| The mediastinal surface is concave with a depression that accommodates the bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves is called what? | Hilum |
| What is the cardiac notch? | The inferior mediastinal surface of the left that conforms to the shape of the heart |
| Each lung is enclosed in a double-walled serous membrane sac called what? | Pleura |
| What is the visceral pleura? | The inner layer of the sac that closely adheres to the surface of the lung |
| What is the parietal pleura? | The outer layer of the sac that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity and closely adheres to the upper surface of the diaphragm. |
| The 2 layers are moistened by what so that they move easily on each other and prevents friction between the lungs and chest wall during respiration? | Serous fluid |
| Which fissure divides the lungs into superior and inferior lobes? | Oblique fissure |
| Which fissure of the right lung creates a middle lobe? | Horizontal fissure |
| The portion of the left lung which corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung is called what? | Lingula |
| What area of the thorax is bounded by the sternum anteriorly, the spine posteriorly, and the lungs laterally? | Mediastinum |
| What structures are associated with the mediastinum? | 1. Heart 2. Great vessels 3. Trachea 4.Esophagus 5. Thymus 6. Lymphatics 7. Nerves 8. Fibrous tissue 9. Fat |
| What part of the digestive canel that connects the pharynx with the stomach? | Esophagus |
| How long is the esophagus is length? | 9 inches |
| What organ is the primary control of the lymphatic system? | Thymus gland |
| What hormone does the thymus gland produce? | Thymosin |
| The thymus reaches its maximum size when? | Puberty |
| What is Aspiration/Foreign Body? | Inspiration of a foreign material into the airway |
| What is Atelectasis? | A collapse of all or part of the lung |
| What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)? | Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow |
| What is Emphysema? | Destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs |
| What is Hyaline Membrane Disease or Respiratory Distress Syndrome? | Underaeration of the lungs due to a lack of surfactant |
| What is Pleural Effusion? | Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| What is Pneumonia? | Acute infection in the lung parenchyma |
| What is Aspiration Pneumonia? | Pneumonia caused by aspiration of foreign particles |
| What is Interstitial or Viral or Pneumonitis Pneumonia? | Pneumonia caused by a virus and involving the alveolar walls and interstitial structures |
| What is Lobar or Bacterial Pneumonia? | Pneumonia involving the alveoli of entire lobe without involving the bronchi |
| What is Lobular or Bronchopneumonia Pneumonia? | Pneumonia involving the bronchi and scattered throughout the lung |
| What is Pneumothorax? | Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung |
| What is Pulmonary Edema? | Replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli |
Created by:
elkins.brett
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