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Pharmacology
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Levodopa | Dopaminergic -Precursor of Dopamine -Crosses Blood Brain Barrier -Given with Carbidopa |
| Amantadine | Dopaminergic |
| Bromocriptine | Dopaminergic |
| Pergolide | Dopaminergic |
| Pramipxole | Dopaminergic |
| Ropinirole | Dopaminergic -Nervous leg syndrome |
| Dopaminergic: Action | -Increase levels of dopamine in substantia nigra -Directly stimulate dopamine receptors -Help restore balance between inhibitory and stimulating neurons -Dopamine doesn't cross blood brain barrier |
| Dopaminergic:Route | -Oral |
| Dopaminergic: Indications | Parkinsonism |
| Dopaminergic:Contraindications | -Angle closure glaucoma -GI obstruction |
| Dopaminergic:Cautions | -Cardiovascular disease -Bronchial asthma -Peptic ulcer -Urinary tract obstruction -Psychiatric disorders |
| Dopaminergics:Adverse Reactions | -Anxiety and Nervousness -HA, Blurred Vision -Arrhythmia |
| Dopaminergic:Drug-Drug | -MAOIs -Stop 14 days prior -risk of hypertension -Vitamin B6 -Decreases effectiveness -Phenytoin -Decreases effectiveness |
| Dopaminergic:Nursing Implications | -Observe for balance -Declining levels of dopamine -Increasing dominance of cholinergic neurons -Assess use of vitamins (B6) -Watch for EKG changes -If voiding issues, empty bladder before taking med -If constipation, implement bowel program |
| Biperiden | Anticholinergic |
| Anticholinergic:Action | -Block action of acetylcholine in CNS -Help normalize acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance |
| Anticholinergic:Route | -Oral -IM |
| Anticholinergic:Indications | -Treat parkinsonism -Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms |
| Anticholinergic:Contraindications | -Narrow Angle glaucoma -GI obstruction -GU obstruction -Prostatic hypertrophy |
| Anticholinergic:Cautions | -Dysrhythmias -Hypertension or Hypotension -Hepatic dysfunction -Pregnancy and lactation |
| Anticholinergics:Adverse Reactions | -Disorientation -Confusion -Agitation -Delirium -NV -Paralytic ileus |
| Anticholinergics:Drug-Drug | -Tricyclic antidepressants -Phenothiazines |
| Anticholinergics:Nursing Implications | -Assess for tachycardia and dysrhythmias -Watch for constipation and paralytic ileus(bowel) -Sugarless candy lozenges if dry mouth |
| Baclofen | Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Action | -Exact mechanism of action unknown |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Indications | -Alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity -Spinal cord injuries/diseases |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Contraindication | -Rheumatic disorders |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Caution | -Epilepsy -Seizures worsen -Cardiac dysfunction -decreased muscle function -Muscle weakness conditions |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Route | -Oral -Intrathecal |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Adverse Reactions | -Drowsiness -Fatigue -Weakness -Hypotension -Confusion -HA -Nausea -Dry Mouth |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Drug-Drug | -CNS depressants |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Nursing Implications | -Warn about: driving,operating equipment,alcohol use,CNS depressants -Taper drug over 1-2 weeks -Prevent psychoses -Medication around the clock |
| Dantrolene | Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Actions | -Interfere with release of calcium from muscle tubules -prevents fivers from contracting -not interfere with neuromuscular transmission |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Indications | -Treat Spasticity directly affecting peripheral muscle contraction -Manage spasticity associated with neuromuscular disease |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Route | -Oral -IV |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Contraindications | -Spaticity r/t locomotion -Hepatic disease -Lactation |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Adverse Reactions | -Fatigue -Weakness -Confusion -GI irritation -Enuresis -Urinary frequency and urgency |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Drug-Drug | -Estrogen -Risk of liver toxicity -Neuromuscular Junction Blockers -Added effect |
| Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:Nursing Implications | -Assess for -Muscle Weakness -Respiratory Depression -Liver Damage -Extravasation -Diarrhea |
| Morphine | Narcotics Agonist |
| Narcotics Agonist:Actions | -Act at specific opoid receptor sites in CNS -Produce analgesia, sedation, sense of well-being |
| Narcotics Agonist:Indications | -Severe acute or chronic pain -Preoperative medication -Analgesia during anesthesia -Antitussives (cough medicine) |
| Narcotics Agonist:Route | -IV most reliable for therapeutic level -IM and SQ rate of absorption varies -Crosses placenta |
| Narcotics Agonist:Contraindications | -Diarrhea caused by poisons |
| Narcotics Agonist: Adverse Reactions | -Respiratory Depression -Apnea, Cardiac Arrest -Shock, Orthostatic Hypotension -NVC -Dizziness -Anxiety,Fear -Psychoses,Hallucinations |
| Narcotics Agonist: Drug-Drug | -Barbiturate general anesthesia -Phenothiazines -MAOIs |
| Narcotics Agonist: Implications | -Assess for: -Respiratory depression -Orthostatic hypotension -NVC -Neurological effects -Light headed, dizzy,impaired mental processes,constricted pupils,anxiety and psychosis |
| Bueprenorphine | Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist -Mild to moderate pain |
| Butorphanol | -Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist -Preop Medication -Moderate to severe pain |
| Nalbuphine | -Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist -Moderate to severe pain -Adjunct for general anesthesia -Relieve pain during labor and delivery |
| Pentazocine | -Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist -Post Surgery -Scope, look @ GI tract |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonists:Actions | -Act at specific opoid receptor sites in CNS -Produce analgesia and sedation |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist:Indications | -Moderate to severe pain -Adjunct to anesthesia -Labor and Delivery |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist:Route | -Oral -PR -SQ -IM -IV |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist:Cautions | -Physical dependence -COPD and respiratory tract disease -Acute MI or coronary artery disease |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist: Adverse Reactions | -Respiratory depression -NVC -Billary Spasm -HA -Dizziness -Psychosis -Anixety -Hallucinations |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist:Nursing Implications | -Monitor -Orientation -Respirations -Cardiac rate and rhythm -Safety Measures - Bed Low, rails up - Ambulation Assistance -Not Operate equipment |
| Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist:Drug-Drug | -Barbituate -General Anesthetic |
| Naloxone | -Narcotic Antagonists -Reverse adverse effects of narcotics -Diagnose suspected acute narcotic overdose |
| Nalmefence | -Narcotic Antagonists -Reverse effects of narcotics -Manage overdose |
| Naltrexone | -Narcotic Antagonist -Manage alcohol or narcotic dependence -Available in oral form |
| Narcotic Antagonists: Actions | -Bind Strongly to opoid receptors -Do not activate the receptors -Reverse effects of opoids |
| Narcotic Antagonists: Indications | -Reverse narcotics postop -Treat narcotic overdose |
| Narcotic Antagonists: Route | -IV -IM -SQ |
| Narcotic Antagonists:Adverse Reactions | -Tachycardia -Dysrhythmias -BP changes |
| Narcotic Antagonists: Drug-Drug | -Buprenophrine -Butorphanol -Nulbuphine -Pentazocine -Propoxyphene |
| Narcotic Antagonists: Nursing Implications | -Very short half life -Narcotic Withdrawal -NV -Sweating and shaking -Tachycardia, hypotension -Anxiety -Postop -tachycardia and hypotension possible -CNS excitement |
| Ergotamine | Ergot Derivatives |
| Ergot Derivatives:Actions | -Block alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptor sites in brain -Cause constriction of cranial vessels |
| Ergot Derivatives:Indications | -Prevention or abortion of vascular HA |
| Ergot Derivatives:Route | -Rapidly absorbed -Numerous routes |
| Ergot Derivatives:Contraindications | -Coronary artery disease -Hypertension -Peripheral Vascular Disease -Hands and feet -Pruritis -Malnutrition |
| Ergot Derivatives-Adverse Reactions | -Numbness -Tingling -Pulselessness -Muscle pain -Weakness -Chest Pain -Arrhythmias -NVD |
| Ergot Derivatives:Drug-Drug | -Beta Blockers |
| Sumatriptan | -Triptans |
| Triptans:Action | -Bind to selective serotonin receptor sites -Cause vasoconstriction of cranial nerves -Treat migraines but not prevent |
| Triptans: Indications | -Treatment of acute migraine and cluster HA |
| Triptans: Caution | -Eldery -CAD -Lactation |
| Triptans: Route | -Nasal spray -Oral -SQ |
| Triptans:Adverse Effects | -Numbness -Tingling -Burning Sensation -Felling of coolness -Weakness -Dysphasia -Blood pressure alterations |
| Triptans:Drug-Drug | -Ergot containing drugs -Cause vasoconstriction -MAOIs |
| General Anesthetics:Actions | -Depress Reticular Activating System |
| General Anesthetics:Indications | -Sedation -Hypnosis -Anesthesia -Unconsciousness |
| General Anesthetics: Route | -IV |
| General Anesthetics:Cautions | -Status asthmaticus -Increased intracranial pressure -Myasthenia gravis |
| General Anesthetics: Adverse Reactions | -Circulatory depression -Hypotension -Shock -Decreased cardiac output -Arrhythmias -Respiratory depression -N V HA -Malignant hyperthermia |
| General Anesthetics: Drug-Drug | -Kentamine and halothane -Barbituate and narcotics -Midazolam and inhaled |
| Thiopental | Barbiturate -Rapid onset -Ultra-short recovery period |
| Methohexital | -Barbituate -Rapid onset -Extremely short recovery period |
| Barbituate:Actions | -Depresses the CNS to produce hypnopsis and anesthesia without analgesia |
| Barbituate: Indication | -Induction of anesthesia -Maintenance of anesthesia -Induction of a hypnotic state |
| Barbituate: Route | -IV |
| Barbituate:Cautions | -Pregnancy -Lactation |
| Barbituate:Adverse Effects | -HA -Restlessness -Anxiety -Cardiovascular depression -Respiratory depression -Salivation |
| Midazolam | -Non-Barbiturate -Rapid onset -Causes NV |
| Droperidol | -Non-Barbiturate -Rapid onset -Not use renal or hepatic failure |
| Etomidate | -Non-Barbiturate -Rapid onset, recovery -Not use < 10yrs |
| Ketmaine | -Non-Barbiturate -State of unconsciousness |
| Propofol | -Non-Barbiturate -Short action -Bradycardia and hypotension |
| Non-Barbiturate: Action | -Limbic system and RAS -Exact mechanism isn't understood |
| Non-Barbiturate: Indication | -Sedation before procedures -Anesthesia |
| Non-Barbiturate: Route | -Oral -IM -IV |
| Non-Barbiturate:Cautions | -Respiratory depression |
| Non-Barbiturate:Adverse Effects | -Drowsiness -Lethargy -Fatigue -Restlessness -Disorientation -Constipation -D -Incontinence -Bradycardia, Tachycardia |
| Nitrous Oxide | -Gas -Prototype anesthesia gas |
| Cyclopropane | -Gas -Rapid onset and recovery |
| Ethylene | -Gas -Less toxic than most other gas anesthetics |
| Halaothane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Desflurane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Enflurane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Isoflurane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Methoxyflurane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Sevoflurane | -Volatile Liquid |
| Volatile Liquid: Action | -Depresses CNS causing anesthesia -Relax muscles |
| Volatile Liquid:Indication | -General Anesthesia |
| Volatile Liquid: Route | -Inhaled |
| Volatile Liquid:Adverse Effects | -Drowsiness -Lethargy -Fatigue -Restlessness -Disorientation -Constipation -D -Incontinence -Bradycardia, Tachycardia |
| Lidocaine | Local Anesthesia |
| Local Anesthesia: Actions | -Blocks generation and conduction of action potentials in sensory nerves by reducing sodium permability |
| Local Anesthesia: Indications | -Anesthesia -Peripheral and Sympathetic nerve blocks -Central nerve blocks -Spinal anesthesia -Topical Anesthesia |
| Local Anesthesia: Route | -IM -Topical |
| Local Anesthesia: Adverse effects | -HA -Backache -Hypotension -Urinary Retention -Urinary incontinence -Pruritus -Seizures |
| Pancuronium | Non-Depolarizing NMJ Blockers |
| Non-Depolarizing NMJ Blockers:Actions | -Prevent ACH from reacting with receptor |
| Non-Depolarizing NMJ Blockers: Indications | -General anesthetic to induce skeletal muscle relaxation -Use on ventilator |
| Non-Depolarizing NMJ Blockers:Route | -IV |
| Non-Depolarizing NMJ Blockers: Adverse Effects | -Respiratory depression -Apnea -Bronchospasm -Cardiac arrhythmias |
| Succinylcholine | -Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker: Action | -Combimes with ACh receptors to produce depolarization |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker: Indications | -General Anesthetic to relax skeletal muscles -Use on Ventilator |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker: Route | -IV |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker: Caution | -Hyperthermia -Genetic or disease related low cholinesterase |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker:Adverse Reactions | -Respiratory depression -Bronchospasm -GI slowdown -Fear related helplessness -Inability to communicate |
Created by:
prettyinpink7
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