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SIUE Clotting
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of a platelet plug formation | It closes minute ruptures in very small blood vessels |
| How is a platelet plug formed? | Platelets come in contact with damgaged vascular surface and begin to swell. Contractile proteins release granules containing multiple factors which increase the adherence of platelets and form thromboxane A2. TA2/ADP act on other plts to form plt plug |
| What are platelets composed of? | Contractile proteins (actin, myosin, thromosthenin) ER & Golgi to synthesize enzymes that store ca++, mitochondria, enzymes that synthesize prostaglandins, fibrin stablizing factors, growth factors |
| Time period for clotting to occur in severe and mild trauma | severe - clotting occurs within 15-20 seconds mild - clotting occurs within 1-2 min Clot is formed within 3-6min after 20min the clot retracts further closing the vessel |
| Extrinsic Pathway for protrhombin activator | 1. Injury to vascular wall/tissue 2. Release of tissue thromboplastin 3. Activation of Factor X to Xa 4. Xa forms prothrombin activator |
| Intrinsic pathway for prothrombin activator | 1.Blood trauma causes activation of factor XII and relase of platelet factor 3. 2.Factor XIIa activates Factor XI 3.XIa activates IX. 4.VIII, IXa, platelet factor 3 activate X. 5. Xa activates prothrombin activator |
| Where is prothrombin made and what is required to make it? | Liver Vitamin K |
| How is thrombin Formed? | Prothrombin activator catalyzes the reaction of prothrombin into thrombin. |
| Where is fibrinogen synthesized? | The Liver |
| What is the purpose of thrombin? | Thrombin converts fibrinogin into fibrin threads that enmesh plateltes, blood cells and plasma to form clots Fibrin is strengthened by fibrin-stablizing factors released by platelets |
| Which ion is important in clotting? | Calcium |
| How is Vitamin K absorbed? | In the bile salts of the liver. If liver is damaged or bile ducts are obstructed, the vitamin K wont be absorbed and prothrombin synthesis will decrease |
| What factors prevent clotting in the vessels? | There is a smooth endothelium Layer of glycocalyx that repels clotting factors and platelets Protein bound with the endothelial membrane called thrombomodulin binds with thrombin to remove it and activates protein C which inactivates Factors V and VIII |
| How do Fibrin and thrombin interact? | fibrin attracts thrombin to promote localization of the clot |
| How to inactivate excess thrombin in the blood | Antithrombin III inactivates thrombin |
| What are the effects of heparin, and where is it produced in the body? | Heparin increases the effectiveness of antithrombin III. It is produced by mast cells and basophils |
| Plasmin/Plasminogen role in clotting | Plasminogin is converted to plasmin by t-PA Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme that digests fibrin and other clotting factors to remove clots alpha-antiplasmin is constantly working to break down plasmin, so the plasmin must be abundant to lyse clots |
Created by:
SRNA84
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