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pn 143 ch 11 and 16
book anderson nursing leadership, management and practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| morals: what are they | right vs. Wrong, or ideals, defines the should and should nots, more black and white |
| Values: what are they | personal convictions about truths beliefs, faith, what is perceived as good, different cultures have different values, it is subjective, learned behavior |
| what are ethics | what ought to be, rightness of conduct, often group values, set of rules,the ideal human behvior |
| Values: why are they important | b/c they help provide a standard in which we live and help make decisions |
| ethical theories: what is Deontological | it represents one's duty, that is why I made my decision, I owe it to this person, based on dos and don'ts. emphasis is on doing not the result,based on rules and societal norms |
| ethical theories: what is teleogical/utilitarianism | the greatest benefit for the greatest number of ppl, what is the least amount of harm, looks at the result not the process |
| ethical theories: what can happen with this one teleogical/utilitarianism | sometimes it can neglect the minority group of that situation |
| ethical theories: what is egoism | best for self with out regards for others |
| ethical principles: what is this | they are principles used in ethical situations |
| ethical principles: what are they | individual rights, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, veracity, justice |
| ethical principles: what is individual rights ; give exampl | priviledges, freedom, something owed to a person (ex free speech) |
| ethical principles: what is autonomy; give example | personal freedom, right of choice (ex chemo, Tx etc) |
| ethical principles: what is beneficence; give example | promotion of good/benefits, doing what is good for pt (ex: positive reinforcement) |
| ethical principles: what is nonmaleficence; give example | above all do no harm (ex bed in low position) |
| ethical principles: what is veracity; give an example | always tell the truth (ex: truth in documentation) |
| ethical principles: what is justice; give an example | uphold what is equal and fair for all (ex sometimes factors make this not possible, we try to be fair to all pt) |
| ethical principles: what is paternalism | acting in the best interest of others |
| ethical principles: what is fidelity | keeping promises and committments |
| ethical principles: what is respect/ trust | acceptance of differences from own perspective |
| what is an ethical dilemma | situations that result in a conflict of 2 or more fundamental values (or views of situation) |
| ethical decision making: what is the meaning | there is not right or perfect solution, we do the best we can w/ what we believe |
| ethical decision making: how many steps are in the process | 7 steps |
| ethical decision making: what are common issues | life and death; right to know, research; utilization of scarce resources, privacy and confidenciality |
| ethical decision making: what are the positive results | risks and benifits to all, more than one way |
| Ethical responsibilities of Nurses: what is advocacy | why are pt advocate, we support them at all times |
| Ethical responsibilities of Nurses: what is accountability | 1st to self, pt, peers, supervisor, all assigned work rather if we did it or not |
| Ethical responsibilities of Nurses: what is peer reporting | when peer makes errors or when they are impaired they need to be reported |
| ethics committee: when is it brought together | family can't decide, if an issue is brought up more than once |
| ethics committee: what is the purpose | decide ethical issues |
| ethics committee: what are the reasons needed | increase in tech, increase in diversity |
| ethics committee: what activities occur in committee | they meet as needed |
| ethics committee: who is in the ethical committee | doc, nurse, lawyer, caplain, public, pt, ot, dietician |
| ethics committee: what is the goal | to protect pt and agency |
| what are some contemporary ethical issues: | management of ethical issues, payment of health care, approval and use of new therapies, controlling health care costs, health maintainence responsibilities/accountability, overseeing of public health |
| Sources of law: what is constitutional law | it protects individuals rights to due process |
| Sources of law: what is statutory law | framework for society and assists in maintaining justic |
| Sources of law: what are the two components of statutory law | enacted laws and regulated laws |
| Sources of law: statutory law- what is enacted laws; give example | laws passed by legislation (law making body); law requiring the LPN to have a lisnce |
| Sources of law: statutory law- what is regulated laws; example | made by regulatory agencies to govern according to established rules has same force as enacted laws; rules and regulations made by state board of nursing |
| Sources of law: what is common law | Judge made law, based on the common usage, custom, and judicial decisions or court rulings of previous use of cases (these set a president for future cases) |
| Types of Law: Criminal Law- what is it | law that effects public welfare, a crime punishable by prison, probation, loss of license, fines ect |
| Types of Law: Criminal Law-what happens to the offender; what happens to the victim | punished; victim is not usually compensated |
| Types of Law: Criminal Law- what are the two categories | misdemeanor or felony |
| Types of Law: Criminal Law- how are they proven guilty | they are proven beyond a resonable doubt and decided by a jury |
| Types of Law: Criminal Law- possible practices charged by the nurse | practice outsidethe nurse act, exp. license, no license, diverting controlled substances for personal use, |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is it | involves relationships between individuals and violation of those rights , to protect pt rights and compensate injured |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- WHAT AREthe two types | contract or tort (intentional vs unintentional) |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is intentional | you ment do do it (threat to pt) |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is unintentional | harm was not on purpose (fall, skin breakdown) |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- how is it proven guilty | by majority of evidence, not a jury, it is proof of responsibility |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- possible charges that could be against nurses | assault, battery, lack of informed consent, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, end of life decisions, infridgement of pt rights, freud, Defamation of character (libel/slander) |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is assault | unlawful threat of touching someone; the willful attempt to harn someone |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is battery | the unlawful touch of someone w/o consent |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is ex. of inprisonment | keeping them in hospital against their will, or restraining them w/o an order |
| Types of Law: Civil Law- what is slander, what is libel | verbal saying something that damages one's reputation that is false; libel is when it is written |
| Negligence: what are the two types | negligence and malpractice |
| Negligence: what is it | conduct which falls below the standards by the law for protection of others against the unreasonable risk for harm |
| Negligence: ex of it | someone falls on your sidewalk b/c it is not shoveled |
| Negligence: what is malpractice | it is negligence by a professional |
| Negligence: what doe malpractice most commonly relate to | an action or lack of action, not what one intended to do, it is most often unintentional |
| Negligence: mapractice- what are the most common reasons for client litigation (7 of them) | improper use of supplies and equipment, improper use of procedures, not following an order, lack of protection from falls, inappropriate med administration, poor communication, lack of pt educaiton |
| Negligence: what are the elements required to prove negligence | Duty, breach of duty, damages, and proximate casue |
| Negligence: elements required to prove negligence - what is duty | the responsibility to provide care (our duty as a nurse) |
| Negligence: elements required to prove negligence - what is breach of duty | they have to prove that we did not follow standard of care |
| Negligence: elements required to prove negligence - what is damages | prove that negligence had caused and injury |
| Negligence: elements required to prove negligence - what is proximate cause | the injury has to be connected to the wrongful act of the nurse |
| Negligence: what is the legal process that the complaint goes through | summons/ complaint made, discovery, depostition, trial, appeal |
| Negligence: legal process- where is the deposistion done | under oath at an attorneys office |
| Negligence: legal process- when is there an appeal | if either party didn't think decision is accurate |
| Negligence: what are possibly defenses against negligence | contributory negligence, comparative negligence, assumption of risk, unavoidable accident, defense of facts |
| Negligence: possibly defenses- what is contributory negligence | other factors caused the injuY(others involved) |
| Negligence: possibly defenses- what is comparative negligence | looking at the percent of what I may have done that caused the harm |
| Negligence: possibly defenses- what is assumption of risks | did they sign the informed consent, they should have known the risks involved |
| Negligence: possibly defenses- what is unavoidable accident | based on pt behavior |
| Negligence: possibly defenses- what is defence of facts | what was actual cause, and I was functioning in standard of care (defending what I did as ok) |
| Negligence: what are possible nurse roles in the hearing | defendant, plaintiff, witness (factual- was at event, or expert- has experience in subject, gives their imput on what they would have done) |
| Negligence: - what is a expert witness | has experience in subject, gives their imput on what they would have done, not actually at event |
| Negligence: what are the guidlines for preventing a lawsuit | knowledge (keep updates on poilices and prcedures), record and report (document objectively, no opinions), question 9never assume you know the answer) |
| professional liability: what is this | accountable and responsible for own nursing actions , measures of accountability/ minimal acceptable standards of nursing behavior |
| professional liability: what organizations determine this acceptable nursing behavior | nurse practice act, NAPNES standards of practice, NFLPN nursing standards, NFLPN code for practical nursing |
| professional liability: what are the two types of it | corporate liability, and managerial liability |
| professional liability: what is corporate liability | assumes the health care facility provides certain safeguards to keep the client from harm (ex: provide adequate staffing) |
| professional liability: what is managerial liability | responsibility for actions of another b/c of a special relationship with the other (ex: duty to oriant you b/c I am the educator) |
| professional protection: what is it | preventative measures/ reducing the risk of litigation |
| professional protection: what are these preventative measures | know scope of practice, know agencies policies, chart objectively, timely accurately and completely, be current in nrusing practice, have rapport w/ pt/fam, be involved in nursing eval, question unclear orders, monitor pt response to tx, no verbal orders |
| professional protection: malpractice insurance- why get it | represents your best interenst not employers |
| professional protection: malpractice insurance- questions to ask before pruchasing it | financial limitations, who is covered, how much does it cost, is it covered on and off the job, |
| professional protection: malpractice insurance- rules to follow if malpractice suit is filed | contact agency ASAP, don't discuss case, notify employer, don't sign any documents w/o a lawyer |
| professional protection: guidelines for filling out accurance reprots/ incident reports | fill them out in an objective manner, not in med record (in med record record incident not the form filled out |
| professional protection: what is the good samaritan law | stipulates that individuals who render care in good faith at the scene of an emergency are immune from civil liability |
| what is culture | way of life, total of multiple things that a group of ppl possess and the ways they have of doing things |
| culture: components of it | values,beleifs, attitudes, norms/ habitrs, practice, dress food, language |
| cultural identity: what is it | learned distinctive method of viewing self, life activites, and the world which becomes and integral part of one's self (learned from birth it is who you are) |
| cultural identity: rpvides what | identity, security and acceptance |
| cultural diversity: what is it | differences in elements of culture in groups of ppl |
| cultural diversity: this replaces the concept of what | the melting pot |
| cultural diversity: what areinner factors of it | race, nationality, age, gender, values, cognitive style |
| cultural diversity: what are outer factos of it | geo.region, neighnorhood, social class, economic status, edu. level |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are the beliefs | standardized definitionof health/ prevention of illnes, amnipotence of technology |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are practices | maintenance of health/ prevention of illness, annual physical exam |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are habits | charting, frequent use of jargon, use of systematic approach and diagnostic procedures |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are likes | promtness, neatness, organization, compliance |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are dislikes | tardiness, disorderliness |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are customs | professional deference and adherence to pecking order of autocratic systems (docs first ect), use of certain procedures attending burth and death |
| cultural norms of U.s Health system: what are rituals | phys. exam, surgical procedures, limiting visiting hours |
| cultural negatism: ethnocentricity- what is it | the belief that one's own culture is best, that one's won way of doing things is superior or right |
| cultural negatism: it is the greatest barrier to what | cultural competence |
| cultural negatism:how do some view others as objects not individuals | generalizations/simplications of life, opinion w/o adequate basis, lose individuality of person, subverts rational thought |
| cultural negatism: what is the behavioral result of it | prejudice |
| cultural negatism: prejudice- what is it | apinion a person has about something, despite the facts that dispute the opinion |
| cultural negatism: prejudice- what can it result in | a conflict, misunderstanding, or openly aggressive acts (ex riot) |
| cultural negatism: s/s of it in the workplace | lack of care, bad relationship with peers |
| cultural competence: what is it | awareness and acceptance of cultural differences, a continuous process, a deleiberate and consious process of becoming more awatre of self and others |
| cultural competence: what are barriers to it | ehtnocentrism, cultural imposition, cultural blindness, sterotyping, prejudice, racism, cultural conflict, cultural shock |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is ethnocentrism | all about me |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is cultural imposistion | one person imposes rules of one culture on another |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is cultural blindness | refused to recognize culteral needs |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is stereotyping | they are all alike" not true" |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is cultural conflict | power strugles between you and pt |
| cultural competence: barriers- what is culture shock | imersed in a culture |
| ways to develop cultural competence | integration, understanding, appreceiation, communication, sensitivity, dignity, knowledge, acceptance |
| AA culture: what is it their sick role; common medical issures | attention from family expected; sickle cell, HTN, DM2, renal disease, infant mortality is twice the norm |
| hispanic culture: what is it their sick role; common medical issures | passive, stoic with pain; HTN, stroke, DM2 |
| Asian culture: what is it their sick role; common medical issures | may not ask questions, stoic in pain; OP and TB |
| Native american culture: what is it their sick role; common medical issures | quiet and stoic; high risk for alcoholism and DM2 |
| what is race | the biological and genetically transmitted set of distinguishable charesteristics |
| what is cultural desire | a desire to understand what makes ppl different |
| what is prejudice | strong negative feelings for perosns of a specific group |
| ethical decision making: what are the 7 steps in the process of ethical reasoning | clearly identify problem, know my own personal values & how they relate to problem, identifty alternitives to issue, know impact of outcomes for ppl involed, list outcomes from best to worst, develop plan with best choice, do plan and eval |
| the state board of nursing can only regulate and enforce the rules that are in ______ | the nurse practice act |
| nurse practice act: it is established into law to assist the nurse how? | to remain within the legal scope of practice for that state |
| Sources of law: common law is not as _______ as statutory law | concrete or definite |
| what is standard of care | the level of care that would be rendered by a comparable nurse in a similar curcumstance |
| what is liability | a term used to make compensation for an action |
| what is the critical aspect of permission to treat | that every individual has the right to refuse tx |
| what does tthe law state in regards to informed consent | the persons receiving healthcare must give permission to treat based on informed consent |
| what is informed consent | the person receiving tc fully understands the possible outcomes, alternatives to tx and all the possible consequences |
| Negligence: what are the 4 legal requirements to establish negligence; these all have to be found in nurse in order for what to occur | a standard of care exists, a breach of duty or failure to meet the standard of care has occured, damages of injury from breach of duty, injury from nurses negligence; sueing |
| Negligence: examples | leaving bedside rails down, med errors, breaking sterile tech |
Created by:
jmkettel
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