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ESPN - BBENTON , END
ENDOCRINE TEST LSII CONTINUED
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When and what gene is associated with Dwarfism | 1994 Achondroplasia |
| What is Dwarfism | Deficiency in growth hormone usually idiopathic, decreased ACTH, TSH, and Gonadotrophne, Short ht. |
| What is glycogenesis | A disorder associated with an abnormal accumulation of normal or abnormal glycogen in tissue |
| Can exercise enable the client to lower his doseage of insulin in future | It can decrease insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake for up to 12 hours |
| What does exercise do for diabetes | Promotes proper utilization of glucose and overall function of the cardiovascular system. Increase patients well being |
| What is somogyi phenonmenon | Rebound phenomenon occurng in D.M. when body responds to extremely low blood sugar by overcompensating Result is hyperglycemia |
| What is tropic hormone | a hormone secreted by one gland (pituitary) that stimulates another gland to secrrete its hormone |
| Waht is ADH | Causes kidneys to decrease urine production |
| What is Thyroid hormone | Regulates metabolism |
| What is tetany | Spasms do to decreased calcium blood levels,, the nerve cells become excited and stimulate the muscles with too many impulses |
| What is anaolic hormone | building up or synthesis of complex substances from simple molecules. |
| What is parathyroid hormone | Raises blood calcium levels |
| What is calcitonin | Lowrs blood calcium levels |
| What is cortisol | Responsible for anti inflammatory response |
| What is TSH | Stimulates the release of thyroid hormone Thryoid Stimulating hormone |
| Long term complications of diabetes are? | Blindness Cardiovascular problems Renal Failure |
| What is common cause of Hypoglycemia | Too much insulin or hypoglycemic agent present |
| What is and what are the particulars of a post prandial glucose test and glucose tolerance test | Genetic predisposition viruses, ruebella, mumps, aging process, diet, liifestyle, ethnicity, obesity, accurancy of test depends on patient preparation |
| What are signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus | Polydipsia, Polyphagia, polyuria, Type I diabetes |
| Waht is treatment for Addison's disease | Restore fluid- electrolye imbalance Replacement of adrenal hormone diet increased in sodium and decreased in potassium ATCH - forever Rest of life |
| What are sign and symptoms of Addison disease | Darkly pigmented skin and mucous membrane, nausea, anorexia, Headache, anxiety |
| What causes Addison disease | Adrenal gland don't secerete adequate amounts of glucocorticoids |
| What are signs and symptoms of SIADH | Hypo natremia Fluid overload without pitting edema, wt gain, muscle crampls, and weakness. Brain swelling lethargy, seizure and coma and death Water retention leading to vascular overload without peropheral edema and |
| Treatments for Diabetes Insipidus | ADH preparations, vasopressin administered as either a nasal spray or a tablet., Limit caffeine, strict I & O, Daily Wt., Neurochecks - brain swelling, check vital signs check IV fluid replacement |
| Some nursing diagnosis for Diabetes Insipidus | Urinalysis Urine output= pituitary - urine output supressed by dose of ADH Kidney = urine output not suppressed by dose of ADH MRI of head or CT scan |
| What are signs and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus | Polyuria, polydipsia, severely dehydrated,lethrgic, dry skin, poor skin tugor, constipation, electrolyte imbalance (fatigue, lethargy, HA muscle pain, irritability, Poor bladder and kidney |
| What causes diabetes Insipidus | Head trauma, pituitary disorder, problem with kidney |
| What are signs and symptoms of Cushings yndrome | moon face, buffalo hump, arms and legs becoem thin (muscle wasting) |
| What causes signs and symptoms of Cushings | Excess corticosteroids, particularly glucocorticoids |
| What is Cushings syndrome | Excessive secretion of adrenal hormones glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids and sex hormones |
| What is the cause of a goiter | low iodine level in the blood stream or when it iis unable to utilize properly Insufficient dietary intake of iodine |
| what is myexedema | Severe hypothyroidism in adults |
| what is creatinism | hypothyroidism in kids congenital |
| Signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroidism are | Nervousness iriritability hyperactivity tremors excessive appetite wt. loss exophthalmus palpable thyroid gland tachycardia |
| What are two major complications of thyroid surgery and special equipment at the bedside | hemmorrhage - blood pool in back of neck or shoulders, larygeal nerve damage thyroid storm, trach tray suction set up before return |
| What is the name of a very fast acting insulin | Humalog, Novalog, Lispro |
| What is the fast acting Insulin | Humulin R, Novolin R. Velosulin Human |
| What is onset peak and duration of Lispro | Onset = 5 -15 min. Peak = 45 90 min. Duration = 3 - 4 hours |
| What is onset peak duration of Humulin R | Onset = 30 min. - 1 hour Peak = 2 - 5 hours Duration = 5 - 8 hours |
| The ultra long acting Insulin is and what is peak onset duration | Lantus Onset = 1.1 hour Peak = 0 Duration = Constant concentration over 24 hours |
| 4 parathyroid glands on posterior thyroid | parathyroid hormone PTH thyroid gland thyroxine T3 & T4 Calcitonin |
| What is in the Anterior Pituitary Gland | Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, prolactin, Gonadophtropic FSH & LH, Adrenocortticotropic hormone |
| What is a hormone | chemical messengers that travel through bloodstream to target their organ |
| Most endocrine glands operate on a negative feedback loop. give example | negative feedback loop = glucose level increases, insulin level increases, glucose drops, insulin drops |
| What is glycogenolysis | conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver and muscles |
| what is hypophysectomy | removal of pituitary gland |
| What meds used to treat acromegaly | sandostatin, parlodel |
| what diagnostic for acromegaly | serum GH levels |
| What is most common cause of SIADH | Bronchogenic, lung cancer, pancreas, ovary, lymphoma |
| Nurisng intervention dwarfism | growth hormone injections - life long MRI of head Tumor removal |
| 4 most common causes dwarfism | Anchodroplasia, Turner syndrome, Lack of Insulin, Growth Hormone, Pituitary Dwarfism |
| What is the most severe sign or symptom with pheochromocytoma | Severe headache, fever, tachycardia, palpation, and hypertension - HTN - sometimes as high as 300/175 |
| Contraindications to oral hypoglycemics | low blood sugar Prego's |
| When are oral Hypoglycemics used and why don't they work for everyone | used to treat Type II diabetics, Need beta cells that are still working. |
| What hormone is involved with diabetes insipidus | Deficiency of anti diuretic hormone (ADH) Posterior pituitary |
| What is special about foot care and diabetic | if tey get an infection in there feet it could cause decreased recovery time do to diabetic. |
| What hormone is involved in cretinism | Thyroid - kids Decreased T3 & T4 & increased TSH hypometabolic |
| What hormone is involved with myxedema | Thyroid - adults TSH |
| Signs and symptoms of thyroid storm (Crisis) and when would you expect this to happend | w/i 1st 12 hs - rapid onset Severe hyperthermia, v,d,n, severe tachycardia, may advance to dilirium, coma, death, f, diaphoresis, dehydration, trrmors, irrit., agit., restlessness, acute stress or surgery trauma, infec. or sudden d/c anti thyroid meds/. |
| Post op care after thyroidectomy | 1st sign of hemmorrage, decrease pulse, increase BP, maintain airway, voice checks slight hoarsness ok, semi fowlers posit., back of neck for blood, incision site back of neck support head w hand check vital signs - espec. respirations, |
| What is thyroid hormones and what are tehir purpose | Thyroxine (T4 & T3) growth and development metabolism and activities of nervous system calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be stored in lobes |
| Prior to giving Radioactive iodine what must the LPN do | Given by mouth to fasting pt., check allergies to shellfish, 0 pregos - sperm bank, Signed consent for this test, any allergies to iodine should be noted on the request form along with a current list of meds being taken |
| How do you give Lugols solution and what is the purpose of mixing it with juice | A strong iodin solution used in iodine therapy consisting of iodine 5 g., potassium 110g. and water to make 100 ml. use straw to avoid discoloration of teeth, no gagging, bad taste mix with juice |
| Where is the thyroid gland located and what is its purpose | butterfly shape with one lobe, lying on either side if the trachea, just below the larynx, lobes connected by isthmus purpose secretes T3,T4, oral intake of iodine is neccessary for the formation of thyroid hormone |
| What are Signs and symptoms of acromegaly | bulging forehead, bulbous nose, thick lips, enlarged tongue,enlarged jaw, separation of teeth, enlarged feet and hands shoesize changes, Enlarged Heart, Liver , Spleen |
| What is acromegaly | Rare only 250 per year, overproduction of growth hormone in adult, tumor growth in pituitary gland irreversible, |
| Diagnostic for SIADH | Sodium levels <130 Specific gravity >1.020 increased urine sodium levels BUN & creatinine are decreased Potassium level is normal |
| Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia | <4.5 serum levels, anxiety, confusion, irritability, tetany positive for Trousseaus and Chvosteks sign, ossteoporoisis, pathological fractires, tingling around nose, mouth, ears, fingers, toes, twitching, muscle spasms of feet and hands, N,V,D |
| what are signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism | decreased parathryoid hormone levels,increased phosphorus levels, decrease serum calcium, neuromuscular hyperexcitability, involuntary uncontrolled muscle spasms & hypocalcemia tetany |
| what is kussmaul respirations, describe the pattern | respirations are deep, air hunger |
| Why is personal hygeine important for those with diabetes | Compromised skin integrity makes a diabetic person more susceptible to infection |
| What happens to a ddiabetic during times of infection | An infection can become more severe and last longer with poor wound healing taking place |
| What does stress do to the blood sugar of a diabetic and what might treatment be | Increase blood glucose and result in hyper glycemia, continuedrug therapy and food intake before the body requires extra energy to deal with stress |
| What is treatment for DKA | Insulin (Regular) Sodiaum Bicarb Watch potassium |
| Nursing diagnosis for DKA | Fluid volume deficit, keep airway patent, monitor vital signs assess breath sounds |
| What might treatment be for the effects of stress to blood sugar of diabetic | Continue drug therapy and food intake before the body requries extra energy to deal with stress |
| HOW should meals be planned for diabetic | individualized taking into considerations the pt., age, wt., acturty level, lifestyle ethnic background, planned meals and snacks |
| Where is the tumor located with pheochromocytoma | Adrenal medulla adrenal gland that causes excessive release of catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine which regulate heart rate and blood pressure |
| What is HHNK and what causes it. | hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, non ketonic syndrome without adequate fluuid replacement |
| Where do the vascular changes occur ,mostly | Renal scelerosis progressing to end stage renal disease hands feet lower extremities, eyes, kidneys, |
| What are complications of diabete annd how do you prevent or minimize | stress importance of diet, medication and exercise. visit dentist regularly and have annual opthamologist visits |
| What is signifiant with diabetics and their eyes | longterm complications include blindness, diabetic retinophy, involves progressive changes in micro circulatin of the retina resulting in hemorrhage scar tissue and retinal detachement |
| What are complications of diabetes and how do you prevent or minimize | stress the importance of diet, medication, and exercise. Visit dentist regularly and have annual opthamologist visits |
| Why do we teach our pts. not to stop corticosteroids abruptly | to prevent withdrawls |
| What does stress do to the blood sugar of a diabetic | Increase blood glucose level and result in hyperglycemia |
| How woon should the patient eat after taking his NPH insulin | 30 minutes |
| What does insulin do | Restores the body insulin supply transport glucose into cells |
| What must a nurse do befor giving the patient's insulin | Check blood sugar check insulin with order and with an RN or another nurse |
| What electrolyte is of of utmost importance to watch when caring for a client with DKA | Potassium |
| If patient is unable to be in Semi fowlers what prevention for aspiration could you use | have suction handy |
| What is the best position for prevention of aspiiration | lay on side, so if they vomit they don't aspirate |
| What are signs and symptoms of DKA | hot, dry, flushed, breath fruity |
| Why is it imporant not to skip meals for diabetic | good diet helps to achieve a blood glucose level of lower than 26, evenly spaced carbs |
| Before very strenuous exercise what should diabetic do | have a complete physical befoere starting strenuous exercise |
| When do we use glucangon | if patient is having hypoglycemia |
| How would the qualified nurse treat a very low blood sugar | cool and clammy give candy or orange juice |
| What is normal blood sugar | 60-110 |
| What gland is affected with Cushing syndrome | Adrenal cortex |
| What is a goiter | thyroid gland, enlargement |
| What does the thyroid gland do | main function is to regulate growth development metabolism , activity of nervous system, contolled release of TSH from pituitarty gland |
| Rare positive feedback would be | women in labor = oxytocin = uterine contractions, uterine contractions cause increased oxytocin released |
| What is gigantism | overproduction growth hormone, occurs in child before closure of epiphyses, 8 feet tall |
| What is exophthalmia | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball d/t tumor, cellulitis, leukemia, anurysm |
| The parathyroid glands are imbedded inside what other gland | thyroid |
| the mineral necessary for the productrion of thyroid hormone is | iodine |
| the parathyrodi gland are imbedded inside what other gland | thyroid |
| the adrenal gland les on top of what body organ | kidney |
| a pea size gland located in the brain also known as the master gland is the | pituitary gland |
| What is TSH | stimulates the release of thyroid hormone |
| The beta cells of the pancreas secrete what hormone | insulin |
| the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete what hormone | glucagon |
| glands that secrete through a duct are known as | exocrine |
| What is glycosuria | abnormal presence of sugar, especially glucose in the urine |
| What is insulin shock | hypoglycemia, rapid drop in blood glucose level with no reserve nutrients advancing slowly form stomach |
| What is keto acidosis | excessive amounts of ketones in the blood |
| What is Chvostek's sign | abnormal spasm of the facial muscle elicited by light taps on the facial nerce in patientrs who are hypocalcemic, seen in tetany |
| what is glucagon | A hormone secreted in response to decreased levels of glucose in the blood. |
| What is a glucose tolerance test | given glucose solution, check serum and urine glucose levels |
| Thyroid hormone | regulates metabolism |
| Waht is kussmauls respirations | deep rapid breathing associated with keto acidosis |
| What is neuropathy | any abnormal condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the peripheral nerves |
| What is hyperglycemia | a greater than normal amount of glucose in the blood |
| What is epinephrine | responsible for fight or flight |
| what is polydipsia | excessivce thirst |
| what is polyphagia | excissive eating to gluttony |
| What is polyuria | Excretion of an abnormal large quantity of urinations |
| What is insulin | lowers blood sugar |
| what is aldosterone | regulates sodium and potassium levels |
| what is glucagon | Raises blood sugar |
| What is prolactin | stimulates breast milk production |
| What is melatonin | Promotes sleep |
| What is growth hormone | stimulates growth |
| What is adh | causes kidneys to decrease urine production |
Created by:
gmabrender
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