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NHCC 2211-1
Leadership and Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is – Weber’s Bureaucracy theory? | Defined characteristics of bureaucracy including authority and ability to apply general rules to specific cases |
| What theory • Emphasized rules instead of individuals and competency instead of favoritism | – Weber’s Bureaucracy theory |
| What did – Weber’s Bureaucracy theory fail to recognize? | the complexity of human behavior and constantly changing environments |
| What is the Systems theory? | • Views the organization as a set of interdependent parts that together form a whole |
| What theory says that • Anything that affects one aspect of the organization will affect the other parts? | Systems theory |
| What do • Open systems of management suggest ? | that the organization is not only affected by internal changes but also by external environmental forces |
| What is the Chaos theory of management? | • Views complicated behaviors, situations, and variations as predictable such as cultural diversity, constantly fluctuating patient census, and staffing shortages |
| What management theory • Attempts to account for the complexity and randomness in organizations? | the Chaos theory |
| What are the five interrelated management functions? | • Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling |
| – Important components of planning are: | • Mission and philosophy, Strategic planning, Operational planning, Goals and objectives |
| What are the three parts of Lewin’s stages of change? | Unfreezing stage, Moving stage, Refreezing stage |
| What happens during the Refreezing stage? | change agent integrates the change into the organization giving support so that change continues |
| What happens in the Unfreezing stage? | change agent promotes problem identification and encourages the awareness of the need for change |
| What happens in the Moving stage? | change agent clarifies the need to change, explores alternatives, defines goals and objectives, plans the change, and implements the change plan |
| What kind of manager do GenXers seek? | • Seek a manager who is approachable, supportive, receptive, and motivating, • Want a coach, mentor, and guide who knows them personally |
| GenXers are searching for opportunities to? | to gain advanced training, education and certification |
| What are the types of power? | Reward power, Coercive power, Legitimate power , Referent power , Expert power , Informal power |
| What is the Leadership trait theory? | – Based on the assumption that leaders are born with certain leadership characteristics |
| What are some of the traits associated with Leadership? | intelligence, alertness, dependability, energy, drive, enthusiasm, ambition, decisiveness, self-confidence, cooperativeness, and technical mastery |
| What are • Interactional leadership theories? | – Integrate dynamics of the interaction between the leader, the worker, and the leadership situation |
| What is the Situational leadership theory | Explores the impact of the situation on the leadership role, Suggests that leadership may vary in relation to the situation |
| What is the Transformational leadership? | – Suggests two types of leaders are • Transactional, Transformational |
| What are – Transactional leader is concerned with? | the day-to-day operations of the facility |
| Transformational leaders concerned with? | • Committed to organizational goals and clearly communicate vision and direction, Empower the work group to accomplish goals, Impart meaning and challenge to work |
| What type of leaders are admired and emulated? | Transformational leaders |
| What type of leaders • Provide mentoring to individual staff members based on need? | Transformational leaders |
| What type of leaders have higher levels of staff satisfaction and work group effectiveness ? | – Nurse executives who demonstrate transformational leadership characteristics |
| What are the 5 principles of the Canadian health care system? | Universality, accessibility, comprehensiveness, portability, public administration. |
| What are the 5 theoretical classificatons of leaders? | Personality Trait, Behavioural Theory, Contingency Theory, Tri-dimensional Leader Effectiveness Model, Situational Leadership |
| What are the latest theories about the relationship between leader and follower? | Transactional and Transformational theory. |
| What are some characteristics of transformational leaders? | Identify themselves as agent of change, Courageous but take risks, Believe in people, empower individual, describe their values and demononstrate in behaviours, Lifelong learners, Cope well with complexity, ambiguity,& uncertainty, Visionarionaries. |
| What two types of leadership are based on emotional intelligence? | Resonant leader- attuned to followers, visionary, affiliative, coaching, democratice and Dissonant leadership- pace setting, commanding,don't listen or care about followers, out of touch with mood and feelings. |
| What are the two types of knowing? | Rational or concious mind and emotional- impulsive mind. |
| What are the concepts of emotional intelligence? | Self awareness, impulse control, persistence, zeal, self motivation, empathy, social deftness. |
| What are the kinds of change occuring in Canadian Healthcare? | Funding, Service delivery, Health promotion and Wellness, Home care, Aboriginal Health, Health Human Resources, Health Information & Technology. |
| What are the types of change? | Developmental, Spontaneous, Planned |
| What is Developmental Change? | Change that occurs as an organization grows and becomes more complex, often in highly predictable ways- Manage by planning to minimize negative outcomes. |
| What is Spontaneous Change? | Unexpected Change that causes a "reaction", managed by flexibility, cohesiveness and level of trust in organizations. |
| What is Planned Change? | Deliberately deciding to enact plan to address deficiencies. |
| What are the three phases of Rogers and Shoemaker's Theory of Change? | a. invention of change, b. diffusion or communication of information regarding change, and c. consequenced of change, either adoption or rejection of change. |
| What is Kanter's Innovational Theory of Change? | 3 Sequential waves of activity, a. problem definition, b. coalition building, c. mobilization. Uses concept of Empowerment. |
| What are the 3 phases of transition in Bridges' Transitional Theory of Change? | Ending- letting go of old situation and old identity, neutral zone- between old and new reality, and the new beginning phase- face new way of doing things |
| What are the tools for change? | Diagnosing, Leading,Effective Questioning, Creating Environment for Change, Positive Attitude, Explore new directions, Network, Motivate others |
| What are the 4 steps of Strategic Management Theory? | Assess environment, Devise overall mgmnt stategy, Make day-to-day decisions, Modify strategy based on changes in environment and feedback. |
| What are the 3 categories of environmantal variables in Tichy's TPC Theory? | Technical, Political and Cultural. |
| What are the 4 assumptions of Tichy's TPC Theory? | Organizations are: 1. affected by TPC,2. must develop internal systems in response to variables,3. three systems need to be mutually supportive,4. 3 basic tools of managers, mission/strategy, organ.structure, human resources management. |
| What are the elements of a Business Plan? | Health care needs assessment, Vision, mission and values, Guiding principles, goals, objectives, priorities,strategies for service delivery, Human, structural and financial resources. |
| What is the definition of Budget? | A detailed financial plan for achieving organizational goals and objectives within a specific period of time- usually fiscal year. |
| What is a Cost Centre? | Smallest organizational unit for which a budget is prepared- can be a unit or program or responsibility centre. |
| What are the types of Budget? | Capital and operating. |
| What is a Capital Budget? | Capital budget deals with fixed assets such as cap. equipment e.g. beds, CT scanners, ventilators and Cap. projects which deal with renovations to existing buildings, buying land and constructing new buildings. |
| What is an Operating Budget? | Financial plan for day-to-day activities of unit/ program. Consists of statements of revenues and expenses, includes Statistics of past 12 months- used to project for next fiscal year. |
| What five factors need to be considered when assessing the power of a group? | Size, Information base, Expertise, Physical resources, Personal Attributes. |
| What are 3 challenges for the Manager in regards to the political process? | Gender bias, Lack of positive role models, lack of encouraging climate for promoting political power. |
| What are Stuart's recommendations for maintaining power? | Increase connections, become irreplaceable, demonstrate nursing assets, participate in high level decision making. |
| What is conflict resolution? | Various ways used by people/organizations to deal with social conflict, differences in thoughts, beliefs, attitude, feelings and behaviours of two or more parties. |
| What is negotiation? | A process used by two or more parties to seek agreement to estabish what each will give, take, or perform and recieve in transaction between them. |
| What are the forms of Conflict? | Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Intergroup. |
| What are the 2 models of understanding conflict? | Structural and Process models. |
| What is the Structural Model of understanding conflict | Useful for systemic change, takes into account context and influences, behavioural predispositions, social pressure, incentive structure of org.and rules and procedures. |
| What is the Pocess Model of understanding conflict? | Useful for managing ongoing system and coping with crisis. Conflict is dynamic, uses Thomas's model of 5 stages: awareness, thoughts and emotions, intentions, behaviours, outcomes. |
| What is the Thomas-Kilman conflict mode instrument? | Measures 5 ways of handling conflict. Competing, Compromising, Avoiding, Collaborating, Accomodating. |
| What is the outcome of Competing? | win-lose, assertive, uncooperative,short-term resolution- used by all nurses. |
| What is the outcome of Compromising? | no win- no lose, moderately assertive, cooperative, short-term resolution, used predom. by nurse managers. |
| What is the outcome of Avoiding? | Lose-lose, unassertive, uncooperative, short-term resolution, Used predom, by staff nurses, often by n. managers |
| What is the outcome of Collaborating? | Win-win, fully assertive, cooperative, long-term resolutions, used by staff nurses and managers. |
| What is the outcome of Accomodating? | Lose-win, unassertive, cooperative, short-term resolution, used infreq. by n. managers. |
| What are steps to manage conflict? | Diffuse strong feelings associated, Gather all facts, Be aware of past personal approaches, Determine whether intervention is nec., Determine if short or long term resol. is needed, Be aware of research lit, Intervene using approp. mode, Evaluate outcome. |
| What are the 4 phases of negotiation? | Analyzing, Planning, Negotiating, Follow up. |
| What techniques enhance negotiation? | Communicating openly,Focusing on task/situation, Focusing on benefits rather than costs. |
| What techniques impede negotiation? | Dividing and conquering,Suppressing differences, Setting up competition for votes (majority rule), Blaming or implying other party lacks objectivity, Withdrawing before resolution is achieved. |
| What is mediation? | Mediation is a process of assisted negotiation using voluntary process, nonadversial, facilitated by neutral third party, equal bargaining power, guided by mediator to reach mutally satistying agreement. |
| Definition of Standard | A broad statement of agreed upon quality for a given element of care. |
| Definition of Quality | Level of excellence, value or worth; conformance to standards that are either implicit or explicit. Encompasses all systemic approaches to assessment and improvement of quality |
| What is Quality Assurance? | Systematic process of data-based, judgemental appraisal of an element of care and subsequent improvement.Usually collaborative team based process. |
| What are the types of information required for quality assessment? | Structure, Process, Outcomes. |
| What are types of Health Care Standards? | Education and Credentialing,Professional, Ethical, Organizational, Information, Legal and Community Standards. |
| What are elements that define accountability between those making decisions and those affected by them? | Establishment of relationship, agreed upon responsibility, Authority delegated or conferred by govt to indiv. and organizatons, Answerability, Judgements about performance, processes for sanction/correction. |
| What is risk management? | It is concerned with minimizing liability of an organization by preventing mistakes or minimizing their consequences. |
| What are some structural elements of risk management? | Organizational standards e.g. policies and procedures,Documentation practices and standards. |
| What processes are required for risk management? | Identifying/preventing risk and Assessing/responding to specific risk, |
| How do risk managers identity and prevent risk? | Regular program reporting, Unusual incident reports, occurance reports, departmental surveys, external reports |
| How do risk managers assess and respond to specific risks? | Gather evidence, notify legal counsel/insurar, immediate response to pt and family to communicate good will/discourage claims, conduct detailed investigation, prepare for legal defence or out of court settlements. |
| What 4 perspectives are seen in a Balanced Scorecard approach to risk prevention and management? | Customer, Internal business, innovation and learning, and financial perspective. |
| What is Groupthink? | Where a highly cohesive group displays a forceful tendency toward concurrance that leads to uncritically decided upon faulty courses of action. Occcurs when the stakes are high and standard solutions are lacking and unconventianal emergencies. |
| What are four mechanisms of accountability? | Legal approach, public reporting system, citizen governance approach and citizen engagement. |
| What is performance management? | The process of ensuring that each worker contributes to the successful achievement of the organization's strategic goals. |
| What are the ultimate goals of performance management? | Develop, sustain and amplify service quality over the long term in order to achieve the mission of the health agency, positive patient outcomes. |
| What are 6 elements of successful performance management? | Strong executive support, links b/w perform measure and strategic goals, measures that cross traditional work boundaries, reward schemes to reinforce cooperation, performance measures tailored to roles of each unit, info focussed on user not technology. |
| What are some functions of human resource departments? | Hiring, Recruitment, Selection of suitable candidate, Orientation to org. and unit, |
| What sources of information do managers use to appraise performance? | Quantitative information- attendance, pt. and coworker satisfaction data, nrsng care plans and pt assessments, Self appraisal, Peer review, feedback |
| What principles does an effective performance development system incorporate? | Active employee role. leadership assistance, joint goal setting and dialogue, measurable and specific outcomes, simple, flexible process that focusses on future development and progress towards goals. |
Created by:
2007Nurse
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